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Pharm Test 1 > Antimicrobial study guid > Flashcards

Antimicrobial study guid Flashcards

0
Q

what medications provide focused gram neg. coverage?

A

3rd generation cephalosporins
aminogycosides
aztreonam
quinolones

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1
Q

What medications give you focused gram pos. coverage

A

1st generation cephalosporins
anti staphylococcal penicillins
clindamycin
vancomycin

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2
Q

What medications give excellent Anaerobic Coverage?

A 
2nd generation cephalosporins
B-lactamase inhibitor combos
carbapenems
clindamycin
metronidazole
tigecycline
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3
Q

What antimicrobials provide broad spectrum therapy?

A

B-lactamase inhibitor combos
carbapenems
tigecycline
cefipime

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4
Q

Atypical Patogens

A

Macrolides
quinolones
tetracyclines

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5
Q

Pseudomonal coverage

A 
aminoglyosides
antipseudomonal penicillins
aztreonam
cefipime
ceftazidime {fortaz}
ciprofloxacin
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6
Q

MRSA inpatient therapy

A

Vancomycin

linezolid { Zyvox}

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7
Q

MRSA community aquired

A 
Bactrim
clindamycin
minocycline or doxycycline
linezolid 
rifampin
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8
Q

Treat Clostridium difficile diarrhea

A 
Metronidazole ( mild to moderate)
Oral Vancomycin (severe or resistant)
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9
Q

Genital Herpes

A

Acyclovir
valacyclovir
famciclovir

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10
Q

systemic fungal infection

A

amphoteracin B & others

Fluconazole & other “azoles”

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11
Q

Urinary Tract infections

A

bactrim
quinolones
nitrofurantoin

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12
Q

prostate infections

A

bactrim

quinolones

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13
Q

chlamydia trachomatis STI

A

Doxycycline x 7 days

azithromycin x 1 dose

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14
Q

pelvic inflammatory disease

A

cefotetan or cefoxitin + doxycycline
clindamycin + gentamicine + doxycycline
ceftriaxone + doxycycline + - metronidazole

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15
Q

bacterial vaginosis

A

metronidazole

clindamycine

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16
Q

Gonorrhea

A

Ceftriazone (rocephin) IM x1
azithromyicn if severe cephalosporin allergy
plus chlamydial coverage

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17
Q

Acne

A

tetraclines
topical clindamycine
topical macrolides

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18
Q

Group A strep Throat

A

benzathine PCN G IM x1 or oral PCN x 10 days
amoxicillin
macrolides if allergic to PCN

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19
Q

Acute Sinusitis

A 
Amoxicillin x 10-14 days
bactrim
2nd gen cephalosporins ( cefuroxime, cefaclor)
3rd gen cephalosporins ( cefpodoxime, cefixime)
doxycycline
macrolides
moxifloxacin
levofloxacin
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20
Q

otitis media

A

Amoxicillian x 10 days
erythromycin/ sulfisoxazole
macrolids
2nd gen cephalosporins (cefuroxime, cefaclor)
2rd gen cephalosporins (cefpodoxime, cefixime)

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21
Q

community acquired Pneumonia Out patient

A

doxycycline
macrolides
quinolones (levofloxacin, moxifloxacin)

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22
Q

commuinty acquired pneumonia in patient

A

add ceftriaxone or cefotaxime to CAP therapy

23
Q

Aspiration Pneumonia

A 
Clindamycin to CAP
add Metronidazole to CAP
amoxicillin/ clavulanate
if very ill: 
carbapenems
piperacillin/tazobactam
ticarcillin/clavulanate
24
Q

Hospital acq pneumonia Multi drug resistant

A 
Piperacillin/ tazobactam
cefepime
carbapenem
    \+ gentamicin 
    \+  vancomycin if MRSA suspected
25
Q

Bacterial Meningitis (newborn - 1 month )

A

Ampicillin +
gentamicin
cefotaxime
ceftriaxone

26
Q

bacterial meningitis 1 month - 60 years

A

cefotaxime +- vancomycin

ceftriazone +- vancomycin

27
Q

bacterial Meningitis over 60

A

ampicillin + cefotaxime +- vancomycin

ampicillin + ceftriazone +- vancomycin

28
Q

surgical prophylaxis

A

most procedures : Cefazolin

abd procedures : cefotetan or cefoxitin

29
Q

infective endocarditis

A

vancomycin + ceftriazone + gentamicine

30
Q

Intra abdominal infections

A 
cefotetan
ampicillin/sulbactam
clindamycin
carbapenems
ticarcillin/clavulante
metronidazole
   \+- gentamicin or quinolone
31
Q

What medication have the potential to lower seizure threshold?

A

Carbapenems

quinolones

32
Q

What medication could cause nephrotoxicity?

A

Aminoglycosides
amphoteracinB
bactrim
vancomycin

33
Q

Causes Clostridium difficile diarrhea

A

any antibiotic can but esp broad spec that alter GI flora

clindamycin
ampicillin
3rd gen cephalosporins

34
Q

Alterations in urine color

A

Nitrofurantoin

rifampin

35
Q

Infusion related reactions

A

Fever, Chills, Rigors:
amphoteracin and caspofungin
red man syndrome :
Vacomycin

36
Q

Protein - binding interactions

A

Bactrim

37
Q

issues with teeth and bone development

A

quinolones (quinolones go to the bones)

tetracyclines Teeth
tigacycline

38
Q

chelation interactions

A

tetracyclines

quinolones

39
Q

p450 metabolism interactions

A 
isoniazide
macrolides
oral antifungal drugs
quinolones
rifampin
several HIV antivirals
synercid
40
Q

if anaphylactic to PCN allergy

A

No Penicillins
no carbapenems
no cephalosporins
everything else ok

41
Q

if non - anaphylactic to PCN allergy

A

no Penicillins
no carbapenems
everything else is ok

42
Q

Common Upper respiratory tract pathogens

A

Haemophilis influenza
Moraxella catarrhalis
streptococcus pneumonia
group A streptococcus

43
Q

Common Lower resp. tract pathogens

A 
chlamydia pneumoniae
haemphilus influenzae
klebsiella pneumoniae 
mycoplama pneumonia
streptococcus pneumoniae
44
Q

common nosocominal lung infection pathogens

A

Klebsiella pneumonia
Pseudomonal aeruginosa
Staphylococcus aureus

45
Q

Common Aspiration pathogens

A

bacteroides & other anerobes

46
Q

Common UTI pathogens

A 
mostly gm neg bacilli 
enterobacter
enterococcus
eschericia coli
proteus mirabilis
47
Q

Common Intra Abdominal Pathogens

A 
anaerobes, gm neg bacilli
bacteroides
enterobacter
enterococcus
eschericia coli
klebsiella
peptostreptococci
proteus mirabilis
48
Q

common suspected anaerobes

A 
abdominal infections
abscesses
aspiration pneumonias
diabetic foot infection
infected animal bite
49
Q

Common Skin/soft tissue pathogens

A

Mostly gm pos
staphylococcus aureus
staphylococcus epidermidis
streptococcus pyogenes

50
Q

Common Bone/Joint pathogens

A 
mostly gm pos
staphylococcus aureus
staphylococcus epidermidis
streptococcus pneumonia
Post Trauma : pseudomonal aeruginosa
51
Q

What are some gram Negative Cocci

A

Moraxella catarrhalis
Neisseria gonnorrhoeae
Neisseria Meningitidis

52
Q

What are some gram Positive Cocci

A 
Enterococcus
Staphylococcus aureus
staphylococcus eperdermidis
streptococcus pneumoniae
streptococcus pyogenes
53
Q

What are some Gram Negative Enteric Bacilli or Rods?

A

Enterobacter
Escherichia coli
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Proteus mirabilis

54
Q

What are some other gram Negative Bacilli or rods

A

Haemophilus Influenzae

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

55
Q

Bacteria with an Atypical cell wall include?

A 
Chlamydia pneumoniae
chlamydia trachomatis
mycobacterum avium
mycobacterium tuberculosis 
mycobacterium pneumonia
56
Q

What are some Anaerobic bacteria?

A

Bacteroides fragilis
clostridium difficile
peptostrptococcus

Pharm Test 1 (1 decks)

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