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BVSc2 AD1 > Antimicrobials > Flashcards

Antimicrobials Flashcards

1
Q

What is the best way of stopping a virus?

A

Vaccine - immunisation

Or stop it attaching to host cells

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2
Q

What inhibits penetration and uncoating of influenza A virus?

A

Amantadine

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3
Q

What does idoxuridine do?

A

Prevents viral multiplication

Iodine interferes with DNA replication

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4
Q

What are aciclovir and vidarabine?

A

Prevents viral replication

A DNA polymerase inhibitor

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5
Q

What is zidovudine?

A

Reverse transcriptase inhibitor

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6
Q

What does zidovudine treat?

A

FIV positive cats

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7
Q

What is virbagen used to treat?

A

Parvovirus

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8
Q

What are class 3 reactions in bacteria?

A

Complicated reactions involved in the synthesis of bacteria
they are specific to bacteria
antibacterial drugs target class 3 reactions

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9
Q

What is the best class 3 reaction to target in bacteria?

A

cell wall synthesis

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10
Q

What type of cell wall do gram positive bacteria have?

A

Thick cell wall - peptidoglycan

no outer membrane

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11
Q

What type of cell wall do gram negative bacteria have?

A

Thin cell wall

outer membrane

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12
Q

What antibacterials target the peptidoglycan structure?

A

beta-lactams eg. penicillin

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13
Q

What part of the cell wall synthesis do beta lactams target?

A

Transpeptidases which cross link the peptidoglycan

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14
Q

What is clavulanic acid?

A

Beta lactamase inhibitor

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15
Q

What are the 3 stages of ribosomal protein synthesis?

A

Initiation - attach mRNA and tRNA
Elongation - transpeptidation
Termination

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16
Q

What antibacterials compete with tRNA for the A site?

A

Tetracyclines

17
Q

What do sulphonamides target?

A

Bacterial folate synthesis - not in mammals as get from diet

18
Q

What are bacterial methods of causing antimicrobial resistance?

A 
Mutations
Plasmids
Transfer of genes
inactivation of drug
alter binding site
produce efflux pump to get rid of drug
19
Q

What are dermatophytes?

A

Cause skin disease

20
Q

What fungal species causes guttoral pouch mycosis?

A

Aspergillus

21
Q

What does fungistatic mean?

A

Slow the growth - take a while to take effect

22
Q

Where do antimycotics target?

A

Fungal cell wall or fungal cell membrane

23
Q

How do polyenes eg. amphotericin work?

A

Binds to ergosterol

forms pore in the cell membrane

24
Q

What is a problem with using amphotericin?

A

causes nephrotoxicity

25
Q

What does the fungal cell membrane contain?

A

Ergosterol

26
Q

What does the fungal cell wall contain?

A

Glucans

27
Q

How do terbinafine and azoles work?

A

interfere with the production pathway of ergosterol

28
Q

What enzyme does imidazoles target?

A

cytochrome p450

29
Q

How are azoles administered?

A

Orally

30
Q

What do echinocandins cause?

A

Reduced glucan synthesis - cell wall loses integrity and lyses

BVSc2 AD1 (12 decks)

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