Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Mental Health > Anxiety Disorders > Flashcards

Anxiety Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What is anxiety?

A
  • Universal human characteristic involving: tension, apprehension, or terror
  • Warns about external threats through SNS
  • Can be pathological when: fear out of proportion to risk/threat
  • response continues past threat
  • social or occupational fx impaired
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What medical work-up should be done for anxiety disorder?

A
  • P.E., CBC, thyroid fx, electrolytes, urine drug testing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is panic disorder?

A

A) recurrent unexpected panic attacks, abrupt surge of intense fear or discomport that reaches a peak within minutes and during which 4+ of (STUDENTS FEAR CCC) occur
B) At least one attach was followed by 1+ month of:
- persistent concern or worry about additional attacks or their consequences
- Significant maladaptive chane in behaviour related to attacks
C) Disturbance not attributable to Substance use of GMC
D) Not better explained by other psych condition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the treatment of panic disorder?

A

1) Psychological
- CBT (eliciting sx of panic and learning to tolerate)
- Cognitive restructuring (addressing underlying beliefs regarding attacks)
- Relaxation techniques
2) Pharmacologic
- SSRI, SNRI
- Anxiety disorders typically require higher doses for longer time periods compaired to depression (up to 12 weeks)
* Avoid buproprion due to stimulating effects *
- Short term benzo use

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the prognosis of panic disorder?

A

6-10 yrs post tx:

  • 30% well, 40-50% improved and 20-30% no change or worse
  • Chronic problem, but episodic with stressors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is Agoraphobia?

A

A) Fear or anxiety about 2+ of:
- Public transit
- Enclosed spaces
- Standing in line or in crowds
- Being outside of home alone
B) Fear that escape may be difficult or help not available in event of panic sx develop or other embarrassing sx
C) Agoraphobic situations almost always cause anxiety
D) These situations avoided
E) Fear out of proportion to scenario
F) SX persistent lasts 6+ mo
G) significant distress or - Fx
H) If other condition present, fear, anxiety, worry or avoidance clearly excessive
I) not getter explained by other psych disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the Tx for agoraphobia?

A

Same as panic disorder

1) Psychological
- CBT (eliciting sx of panic and learning to tolerate)
- Cognitive restructuring (addressing underlying beliefs regarding attacks)
- Relaxation techniques
2) Pharmacologic
- SSRI, SNRI
- Anxiety disorders typically require higher doses for longer time periods compaired to depression (up to 12 weeks)
* Avoid buproprion due to stimulating effects *
- Short term benzo use

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is STUDENTS FEAR CCC

A 
Need 4+ as part of Panic Dx. 
S: sweating
T: trembling 
U: Unsteady/Dizzy
D: Depersonalized, Derealization
E: Excessive HR (palpitation)
N: Nausea 
T: Tingling 
S: SOB
FEAR: dying, losing control, going crazy 
C: Chest pain
C: Chills
C: Chocking
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the difference between a panic attack and panic disorder?

A
  • Panic disorder meets all criteria, ie: is a panic attack plus other criteria
  • Panic attacks can occur in many different contexts
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Generalized Anxiety disorder DSM 5

A 
A) excessive anxiety or worry occuring more days than not for 6+ mo, about a number of events or activities 
B) Difficult to control worry
C) 3/6 of the following:
- Restless, keyed up or on edge
- Easily fatigued
- Mind blank or - concentration
- Irritable 
- Muscle tension
- Sleep disturbance (trouble falling/ staying asleep, unsatisfying) 
D) - fx, cause distress 
E) Not due to substance or GMC
F) Not better explained by other psych condition
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Treatment of GAD?

A 
Lifestyle: 
- Avoid caffeine, EtOH, Sleep hygiene 
Psychological: 
- CBT: Mindful, relaxation
Biological:
- SSRI and SNRI first line
- buproprion not first line due to stimulating effect 
- Benzos short term or as add on (regular scedule, long acting)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Prognosis of GAD?

A
  • Chronically anxious adults become less so with age
  • Difficult to treat
  • FX depends on stress, relationships etc..
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is a phobic disorder?

A
  • Exposure to a phobic stimulus almost invariably provokes an immediate anxiety response, which may present as a panic attack
  • Person recognizes the fear as excessive and unreasonable
  • These situations are avoided or endured with anxiety and distress
  • Significant interference with daily living, functioning or other marked distress
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is social phobia?

A
  • Marked and persistent fear of social or performance situations in which one is exposed to unfamiliar people or to possible scrutiny by others (fearing they will act in a way that is humiliating/embarrassing)
  • public speaking, initiating/maintaining conversation, dating, eating in public..
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the treatment for phobic disorders?

A

Psychological
- CBT (in vivo and virtual exposure therapy, gradually facing feared situations)
- this is more effective than meds
Biologic
- SSRI/SNRI
B-blocker or benzo in acute situations (public speaking)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is Obsessive-Compulsive disorder?

A

A) Presence of obsessions, compulsions or both
B) They are time consuming (>1hr/day) or cause significant distress or impair fx
C) not due to substance or GMC
D) not due to other psych disorder

17
Q

What is an obsession?

A
  • Recurrent and persistent thoughts, urges or images that are experienced as intrusive, unwanted, and that in most individuals cause marked anxiety or distress
  • The individual attempts to ignore or suppress such thoughts, urges or images, or to neutralize them with another thought or action (ie. compulsion)
18
Q

What is a compulsion?

A
  • Repetitive behaviours (hand washing, ordering, checking) or mental acts (praying, counting, repeating words) that the individual feels driven to perform in response to an obsession or according to rules which must be applied rigidly.
  • These acts are aimed at preventing or reducing anxiety, distress or a dreaded situation. However acts are not connected in realistic way with what they are designed to neutralize or prevent OR are clearly excessive
19
Q

Treatment of OCD?

A
  • CBT: Exposure with response prevention. Involves exposure to feared situations with the addition of preventing the compulsive behaviours. Other strategies include challenging underlying belief
  • Pharmacotherapy: SSRI, SNRI, Clomipramine; adjunctive risperidone
20
Q

What is Criterion A for Post traumatic stress disorder? (DSM) - The event

A

A) Exposure to actual or threatened death, injury, event in one of ways:

  • direct experience
  • witnessing in person event to others
  • learning of traumatic event occurring to someone close (must have been violent or accidental)
  • experiencing repeat or extreme exposure to aversive details of traumatic events (EMS, police exposed to details of child abuse, etc..)
21
Q

What is criterion B for PTSD? Symptoms from event

A

B) 1+ of following sx associated with event and starting after the event occurred.

  • recurrent, involuntary, distressing memories of event
  • recurrent distressing dreams related to event
  • dissociative reactions (flashbacks) where person feels or acts as if event(s) were recurring
  • intense/prolonged PSYCHOlogical distress at exposure to internal or external cues that symbolize or resemble an aspect of event
  • marked PHYSIOlogical rxn to cues that resemble or symbolize aspects of event
22
Q

C criterion for PTSD? Avoidance

A

C) persistent avoidance of stimuli associated w the traumatic events (1+ of following)

  • avoidance of or efforts to avoid distressing memories, thoughts, or feelings about or closely associated w the traumatic events
  • avoidance of or efforts to avoid external reminders (people, place, things)that arouse distressing memories, thoughts, or feelings associated w event.
23
Q

Criterion D of PTSD. Mood and cognition change

A

D) - alterations in cognition and mood associated w event. (2+ of following)

  • Inability to remember important aspect of event
  • persistent -ve belief or expectation about oneself, others or world
  • persistent, distorted, cognition about the cause or consequences of the event that lead the person to blame themselves or others.
  • persistent -ve emotional state (fear, guilt, shame, anger)
  • anhedonia
  • feelings of detachment or estrangement from others
  • persistent inability to experience +ve emotions
24
Q

Criterion E for PTSD? Change in arousal and reactivity

A

E) Marked change in arousal and reactivity associated with the event (2+ of the following)

  • irritable behaviour and angry outbursts with little provocation, typically expressed as verbal or physical aggression
  • reckless or self-destructive behaviour
  • hypervigilance
  • exaggerated startle response
  • problems with concentration
  • sleep disturbance
25
Q

How long do criterion B,C,D, and E need to persist to meet the criteria for PTSD?

A
  • 1 month +, this time parameter is criterion F
26
Q

What is the treatment for PTSD?

A

1) CBT: exposure therapy, challenging dysfunctional beliefs, emotional regulation techniques (breathing, relaxation)
2) Biological: SSRI, Benzo, Adjunctive atypical antipsychotics
3) Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (controversial, limit evidence at present)

27
Q

What are some complications associated with PTSD?

A
  • Substance abuse
  • Relationship difficulty
  • Depression
  • Impaired social and occupational function
  • Personality disorders
28
Q

What is adjustment disorder?

A

A) Development of emotional of behavioural symptoms in response to an identifiable stressor, occuring within 3 mo of onset of stress
B) Symptoms clinically significant (1+)
- in excess of what would be expected from stress
- significant impairment in function
C) Disturbance does not meet criteria for another disorder or is not exacerbation of other
D) Not normal bereavement
E) Once stressor corrected sx do not persist for an additional 6 months.

29
Q

How long after stressor do symptoms need to resolve by in adjustment disorder?

A

6 months maximum

30
Q

Treatment of adjustment disorder?

A
  • Brief psychotherapy
  • Crisis intervention
    Biological
  • SSRI for both depression and anxiety symptoms
31
Q

What is bereavement?

A

May present with symptoms of depression, but individual states mood is normal
- length and charateristics of N bereavement vary from people/cultures

32
Q

What signs may indicate abnormal grief of the presence of MDD?

A
  • Guilt about things other than actions taken or not taken by the survivor at time of death
  • thoughts of dealth (other than feeling they would be better off dead or should have died with person)
  • Marked psychomotor retardation
  • Hallucinatory experiences other than thinking they hear voice of or see deceased

Mental Health (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions