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AP Biology > AP Bio Chapter 6-8 > Flashcards

AP Bio Chapter 6-8 Flashcards

1
Q

All cells include

A

Plasma Membrane, cytosol, chromosomes, and ribosomoes

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2
Q

Plasma Membrane

A

A selective barrier in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Allows passage of nutrients, oxygen, and waste.

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3
Q

Cytosol

A

Jellylike substance in a lol cells in which sub cellular components are suspended.

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4
Q

Chromosomes

A

Carry DNA, an did in all cells

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5
Q

Ribosomoes

A

Tiny complexes that make proteins

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6
Q

Eukaryotic Cell

A

Most of DNA is in the nucleus, which is bounded by a double membrane.

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7
Q

Prokaryotic Cell

A

The DNA is concentrated in a region that is not enclosed called the nucleoid.

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8
Q

Cyptoplasm

A

The area in both cells that is in the interior. Refers to the region between the nucleus and plasma membrane in eukaryotic cells. (Eukaryotic)

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9
Q

Flagellum

A

Motility structure present in some animal cells, composed of a cluster of micro tubules within an extension of the plasma membrane (Eukaryotic)

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10
Q

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

A

Network of membranes sacs and tubes; active in membrane synthesis and other synthetic and metabolic processes; has rough and smooth. (Eukaryotic)

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11
Q

Smooth ER

A

Smooth region (Eukaryotic)

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12
Q

Rough ER

A

Ribosome studded (Eukaryotic)

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13
Q

Nuclear envelope

A

Double membrane enclosing the nucleus; perforated by pores; continuous with ER (Eukaryotic)

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14
Q

Nucleolus

A

Nonmembranous structure involved in production of ribosomes; a nucleus has one or more nucleoli (Euckaryotic)

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15
Q

Chromatin

A

Material consisting of DNA and proteins; visible in a dividing cell as individual condensed chromosomes (Eukaryotic)

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16
Q

Centrosome

A

Region where the cell’s micro tubules are initiated; contains a pair of centrioles. (Eukaryotic)

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17
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

reinforces cell’s shape;
functions in cell movement;
components are made of
protein. Includes: microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules. (Eukaryotic Cell)

18
Q

Microvilli

A

projections that
increase the cell’s
surface area (Eukaryotic Cell)

19
Q

Golgi Apparatus

A

organelle active
in synthesis, modification, sorting,
and secretion of cell products
(Eukaryotic Cell)

20
Q

Lyosome

A

digestive
organelle where
macromolecules are
hydrolyzed (Eukaryotic Cell)

21
Q

Peroxisome

A 
organelle
with various specialized
metabolic functions;
produces hydrogen
peroxide as a by-product,
then converts it to water (Eukaryotic Cell)
22
Q

Mitochondrion

A

organelle where
cellular respiration occurs and
most ATP is generated (Euakryotic cell)

23
Q

Nucleus

A

Center in plant cell, Includes in plant cell the nuclear envelope, nucleolus, and chromation,

24
Q

Chlorplast

A

photosynthetic
organelle; converts energy of
sunlight to chemical energy
stored in sugar molecules

25
Q

Plasmodesmata

A

cytoplasmic
channels through cell walls that
connect the cytoplasms of
adjacent cells

26
Q

Endomembrane System

A

includes the
nuclear envelope, the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus,
lysosomes, various kinds of vesicles and vacuoles,
and the plasma membran

27
Q

Glycoproteins

A

proteins with carbohydrates covalently bonded

to them.

28
Q

Transport Vesicles

A

Vesicles in transit from one

part of the cell to another

29
Q

phagocytosis

A

unicellular eukaryotes
eat by engulfing smaller organisms or food particles,
a process called

30
Q

Vacuoles

A

large vesicles derived from the endoplasmic

reticulum and Golgi apparatus.

31
Q

Contractile Vacuoles

A

pump excess water out of the cell

32
Q

Endosymbiont Theory

A

This theory states that an early
ancestor of eukaryotic cells engulfed an oxygen-using nonphotosynthetic
prokaryotic cell.

33
Q

Cristae

A

Infoldings within the inner membrane that incloses the mitochondrian.

34
Q

Thylakoids

A

Inside the
chloroplast is another membranous system in the form of
flattened, interconnected sacs

35
Q

Granum

A

In some
regions, thylakoids are stacked like poker chips; each stack
is called

36
Q

Stroma

A

The fluid outside the thylakoids

is the

37
Q

Plastids

A

The chloroplast is a specialized member of a family of

closely related plant organelles called

38
Q

Microtubules

A

hollow rods constructed

from a globular protein called tubulin.

39
Q

Actin

A

a globular protein

40
Q

Integral Proteins

A

penetrate the hydrophobic interior

of the lipid bilayer.

41
Q

Peripheral proteins

A

are not embedded
in the lipid bilayer at all; they are appendages loosely
bound to the surface of the membrane, often to exposed
parts of integral proteins

AP Biology (1 decks)

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