AP Gov Ch 3 - Alyssa Rosales

Question 1

abraham lincoln

Answer 1

Abraham Lincoln was an American statesman and lawyer who served as the 16th President of the United States from March 1861 until his assassination in April 1865. Lincoln led the United States through the American Civil War—its bloodiest war and perhaps its greatest moral, constitutional, and political crisis

Question 2

andrew johnson

Answer 2

Andrew Johnson was the 17th President of the United States, serving from 1865 to 1869. Johnson assumed the presidency as he was Vice President of the United States at the time of the assassination of Abraham Lincoln.

Question 3

Barack Obama

Answer 3

Barack Hussein Obama II is an American politician who served as the 44th President of the United States from January 20, 2009, to January 20, 2017. A member of the Democratic Party, he was the first African American to be elected to the presidency and previously served as a United States Senator from Illinois

Question 4

Barron v Baltimore

Answer 4

Barron v. Baltimore, 32 U.S. 243, is a landmark United States Supreme Court case in 1833, which helped define the concept of federalism in US constitutional law. The Court established a precedent that the Bill of Rights did not apply to the state governments.

Question 5

bill of attainder

Answer 5

A bill of attainder is an act of a legislature declaring a person or group of persons guilty of some crime and punishing them, often without a trial.

Question 6

block grant

Answer 6

In a fiscal federal form of government, a block grant is a large sum of money granted by the national government to a regional government with only general provisions as to the way it is to be spent, in contrast to a categorical grant, which has stricter and specific provisions on the way it is to be spent.

Question 7

calvin coolidge

Answer 7

John Calvin Coolidge Jr. was an American politician and the 30th President of the United States. A Republican lawyer from New England, born in Vermont, Coolidge worked his way up the ladder of Massachusetts state politics, eventually becoming governor.

Question 8

categorical grants

Answer 8

Categorical grants, also called conditional grants, are grants issued by the United States Congress which may be spent only for narrowly defined purposes

Question 9

civil war

Answer 9

The American Civil War was a war fought in the United States from 1861 to 1865. The Civil War is the most studied and written about episode in U.S. history

Question 10

Charter

Answer 10

a document, issued by a sovereign or state, outlining the conditions under which a corporation, colony,
city, or other corporate body is organized, and defining its rights and privileges.

Question 11

Concurrent powers

Answer 11

Concurrent powers are powers a federal system of government that are shared by both the federal government and each constituent political unit. These powers may be exercised simultaneously within the same territory, in relation to the same body of citizens, and regarding the same subject-matter

Question 12

confederate states of america

Answer 12

The Confederate States of America, commonly referred to as the Confederacy and the South, was an unrecognized country in North America that existed from 1861 to 1865.

Question 13

confederation

Answer 13

Type of government in which the national government derives its powers from the states; a league of independent states

Question 14

Iroquois confederacy

Answer 14

a political alliance of american indian tribes established in the seventeenth century that featured aspects of the federal system of government adapted by the framers

Question 15

monarchy

Answer 15

a form of government in which power is vested in hereditary kings and queens who govern the entire society

Question 16

totalitarianism

Answer 16

a form of government in which power resides in leaders who rule by force in their own self-interest and without regards to rights or liberties

Question 17

oligarchy

Answer 17

a form of government in which the right to participate depends on the possession of wealth, social status, military position, or achievement

Question 18

democracy

Answer 18

a system of government that gives power to the people, whether directly or through elected representatives

Question 19

enumerated powers

Answer 19

the powers of the national government specifically granted to congress in article 1, section 8 of the constitution

Question 20

implied powers

Answer 20

the powers of the national government derived from the enumerated powers and the necessary and proper clause

Question 21

tenth amendment

Answer 21

the final part of the bill of rights that defines the basic principle of american federalism in stating that the powers not delegated to the national government are reserved to the states or to the people

Question 22

reserved powers

Answer 22

powers reserved to the states by the tenth amendment that lie at the foundation of a state’s right to legislate for the public health and welfare of its citizens

Question 23

ex post facto law

Answer 23

law that makes an act punishable as a crime, even if the action was legal at the time it was confirmed

Question 24

full faith and credit clause

Answer 24

section of article IV of the constitution that ensures judicial decrees and contracts made in one states will be binding and enforceable in any other state

Question 25

privileges and immunities clause

Answer 25

part of article IV of the constitution guaranteeing that the citizens of each state are afforded the same rights as citizens of all other states

Question 26

extradition clause

Answer 26

part of article IV of the constitution that requires states to extradite, or return, criminals to states where they have been convicted or are to stand trial

Question 27

interstate compacts

Answer 27

contracts between states that carry the force of law; generally now used as a tool to address multi state policy concerns

Question 28

dillon’s rule

Answer 28

a premise articulated by judge john f. dillon in 1868 which states that local governments do not have any inherent sovereignty and instead must be authorized by state governments that can create or abolish them

Question 29

counties

Answer 29

the basic administrative units of local government

Question 30

municipalities

Answer 30

city governments created in response to the emergence of relatively densely populated areas

Question 31

special district

Answer 31

a local government that is restricted to a particular function

Question 32

john marshall

Answer 32

the longest serving supreme court chief justice. marshall served from 1801 to 1835. marshall’s decision in marbury v. madison (1803) established the principle of judicial review

Question 33

McCulloch v. Maryland

Answer 33

the supreme court upheld the power of the national government and denied the right of a state to tax the federal bank, using the constitution’s supremacy clause. the court’s broad interpretation of the necessary and proper clause paved the way for later rulings upholding expansive federal powers

Question 34

gibbons v ogden (1824)

Answer 34

the supreme court upheld broad congressional power to regulate interstate commerce. the court’s broad interpretation of the constitution’s commerce clause paved the way for later rulings upholding expansive federal powers

Question 35

roger b. taney

Answer 35

supreme court chief justice who served from 1835-1864, taney supported slavery and states’ rights in the pre-civil war era

Question 36

dual federalism

Answer 36

the belief that having separate and equally powerful levels of government is the best arrangement, often referred to as layer cake federalism

Question 37

nullification

Answer 37

the belief in the right of a state to declare void a federal law

Question 38

John C. Calhoun

Answer 38

a politician and political theorist from south carolina who supported slavery and state’s rights in the pre-civil war era and served as vice president from 1825 to 1832

Question 39

dred scott v sandford

Answer 39

a supreme court decision that ruled the missouri compromise unconstitutional and denied citizenship rights to enslaved african americans.

Question 40

secession

Answer 40

a unilateral assertion of independence by a geographic region within a country. the eleven southern states making up the confederacy during the civil war seceded from the united states

Question 41

reconstruction

Answer 41

the period from 1865-1877 after the civil war, in which the u.s militarily occupied and dominated the eleven former states of the confederacy

Question 42

sixteenth amendment

Answer 42

amendment to the U.S. constitution that authorized congress to enact a national income tax

Question 43

seventeenth amendment

Answer 43

amendment to the U.S. constitution that made senators directly elected by the people, removing their selection by state legislatures

Question 44

herbert hoover

Answer 44

thirty first president of the U.S., a republican, who served from 1929 to 1933 during the start of the great depression

Question 45

franklin d. roosevelt

Answer 45

thirty-second, a democrat, who served from 1933 to 1945. FDR’s leadership took the united states through the great depression and WW2.

Question 46

new deal

Answer 46

the name given to the program of “relief, recovery, reform” begun by president franklin d. roosevelt in 1933 to bring the us out of depression

Question 47

cooperative federalism

Answer 47

the intertwined relationship between national, state, and local governments that began with the new deal; often referred to as marble cake federalism

Question 48

progressive federalism

Answer 48

a pragmatic approach to federalism that views relations between national and state governments as both coercive and cooperative

Question 49

lyndon b johnson

Answer 49

36th president of the U.S., a democrat, who served from 1964-1969. LBJ led the nation during the civil rights era and the vietnam war

Question 50

great society

Answer 50

reform program begun in 1964 by president lyndon b johnson that was a broad attempt to combat poverty and discrimination through urban renewal, education reform, and unemployment

Question 51

ronald reagan

Answer 51

40th president of the U.S., a republican, who served from 1981 to 1989. reagan led the nation through the end of the cold war and his leadership led to a national shift toward political conservatism.

Question 52

new federalism

Answer 52

federal state relationship proposed by the reagan administration during the 1980s; hallmark is returning administrative powers to the state governments

Question 53

programmatic requests

Answer 53

federal funds designated for special projects within a state or congressional district; also called earmarks

Question 54

federal system

Answer 54

system of government in which the national government and state governments share power and derive all authority from the people

Question 55

unitary system

Answer 55

system of government in which the local and regional governments derive all authority from a strong national government

Question 56

new deal

Answer 56

the name given to the program of “relief, recovery, reform” begun by president franklin d. roosevelt in 1933 to bring the us out of depression