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AP Language amd Composition > AP Literary Terms > Flashcards

AP Literary Terms Flashcards

0
Q
  1. Enthymeme
A

an informally-stated syllogism which omits either one of the premises or the conclusion. The omitted part must be clearly understood by the reader.

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1
Q
  1. Ellipsis
A

(indicated by a series of three periods) this indicates that some material has been omitted from a given text. It could be a word, a phrase, a sentence, a paragraph, or a whole section.

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2
Q
  1. Enumeratio
A

detailing parts, causes, effects, or consequences to make a point more forcibly

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5
Q
  1. Epanalepsis
A

repeats the beginning word of a clause or sentence at the end

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6
Q
  1. Epigraph
A

the use of a quotation at the beginning of a work that hints at its theme

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7
Q
  1. Epizeuxis
A

repetition of one word (for emphasis)

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8
Q
  1. Epithet
A

is an adjective or adjective phrase appropriately qualifying a subject (noun) by naming a key or important characteristic of the subject

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9
Q
  1. Euphemism
A
  • a more acceptable and usually more pleasant way of saying something that might be inappropriate or uncomfortable.
  • Ex: “He went to his final reward” instead of “he died.”
  • often used to obscure the reality of a situation
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10
Q
  1. Eponym
A

substitutes for a particular attribute the name of a famous person recognized for that attribute

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11
Q
  1. Exemplum
A

citing an example; using an illustrative story, either true or fictitious.

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12
Q
  1. Euphony
A

the pleasant presentation of sounds in a literary work

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13
Q
  1. Extended Metaphor
A

a sustained comparison that is often developed throughout a piece of writing

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14
Q
  1. Exposition
A

background information presented in a literary work

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15
Q
  1. Figures of speech
A
  • deliberate departures from the ordinary and literal meanings of words in order to provide fresh, insightful perspectives or emphasis
  • commonly used in descriptive passages and include the following: Simile, Metaphor, Personification, Hyperbole, Etc…
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16
Q
  1. Figurative Language
A

the body of devices that enables the writer to operate on levels other than the literal one. It includes metaphor, simile, symbol, motif, and hyperbole, etc.

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17
Q
  1. Generalizations
A
  • conclusions based on some specific instances
  • determined by the quality and quantity of examples on which it is based
  • for a generalization to have validity, a statistical sample would be essential
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18
Q
  1. Form
A

the shape or structure of a literary work

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19
Q
  1. Homily
A

this term literally means “sermon,” but more informally, it can include any serious talk, speech, or lecture involving moral or spiritual advice

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20
Q
  1. Hendiadys
A

use of two words connected by a conjunction, instead of subordinating one to the other, to express a single complex idea.

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21
Q
  1. Hyperbaton
A

separation of words which belong together, often to emphasize the first of the separated words or to create a certain image.

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22
Q
  1. Hypallage
A

(“exchanging”) transferred epithet; grammatical agreement of a word with another word which it does not logically qualify
-More common in poetry

23
Q
  1. Hypophora
A

consists of raising one or more questions and then proceeding to answer them, usually at some length

24
Q
  1. Hyperbole
A

extreme exaggeration, often humorous, it can also be ironic; the opposite of understatement

25
Q
  1. Hysteron Proteron
A

(“later-earlier”)- inversion of the natural sequence of events, often meant to stress the event which, though later in time, is considered the more important

26
Q
  1. Hypotaxis
A

using subordination to show the relationship between clauses or phrases (and hence the opposite of parataxis)

27
Q
  1. Imagery
A

the total effect of related sensory images in a work of literature

28
Q
  1. Image
A

a verbal approximation of a sensory impression, concept, or emotion

29
Q
  1. Inference
A

a conclusion one can draw from the presented details

30
Q
  1. Induction
A

The process that moves from a given series of specifics to a generalization

31
Q
  1. Irony
A

an unexpected twist or contrast between what happens and what was intended or expected to happen

32
Q
  1. Invective
A

a verbally abusive attack

33
Q
  1. Logic
A

the process of reasoning

34
Q
  1. Litotes
A

understatement, for intensification, by denying the contrary of the thing being affirmed. (Sometimes used synonymously with meiosis.)

35
Q
  1. Loose Sentence
A

a type of sentence in which the main idea (independent clause) comes first, followed by dependent grammatical units such as phrases and clauses

  • If a period were placed at the end of the independent clause, the clause would be a complete sentence
  • A work containing many loose sentences often seems informal, relaxed, and conversational.
36
Q
  1. Logical Fallacy
A

a mistake in reasoning

38
Q
  1. Metabasis
A

consists of a brief statement of what has been said and what will follow

39
Q
  1. Metanoia
A

(correctio) qualifies a statement by recalling it (or part of it) and expressing it in a better, milder, or
stronger way.

40
Q
  1. Metaphor
A

direct comparison between dissimilar things. “Your eyes are stars” is an example.

41
Q
  1. Metonymy
A

a figure of speech in which a representative term is used for a larger idea (The pen is mightier than the sword)

42
Q
  1. Monologue
A

a speech given by one character (Hamlet’s “To be or not to be…”)

43
Q
  1. Mood
A
  1. -indicative mood is used for only factual sentences. “Joe eats too quickly.”
    - subjunctive mood is used for a doubtful or conditional attitude. “If I were you, I’d get another job.”
    - imperative mood is used for commands. “Shut the door!”
  2. -literary, meaning the prevailing atmosphere or emotional aura of a work. In this usage, mood is similar to tone and atmosphere.
44
Q
  1. Motif
A

the repetition or variations of an image or idea in a work used to develop theme or characters

45
Q
  1. Narrator
A

The speaker of a literary work

46
Q
  1. Onomatopoeia
A

words that sound like the sound they represent (hiss, gurgle, pop)

47
Q
  1. Oxymoron
A

an image of contradictory term

bittersweet, pretty ugly, jumbo shrimp

48
Q
  1. Parable
A

a story that operates on more than one level and usually teaches a moral lesson

49
Q
  1. Paradox
A

a statement that appears to be self-contradictory or opposed to common sense, but actually contains some degree of truth or validity

50
Q
  1. Parallelism
A

(parallel construction or parallel structure)

  • Greek roots meaning “beside one another.”
  • refers to the grammatical or rhetorical framing of words, phrases, sentences, or paragraphs to give structural similarity
51
Q
  1. Paraprosdokian
A

-surprise or unexpected ending of a phrase or series

52
Q
  1. Parataxis
A

writing successive independent clauses, with coordinating conjunctions, or no conjunctions

AP Language amd Composition (2 decks)

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