APGovch.12.Andrew.Sanchez1

Question 1

Closed primary

Answer 1

a primary election in which only a party’s registered voters are eligible to cast a ballot

Question 2

Crossover voting

Answer 2

participation in the primary election of a party with which the voter is not affiliated

Question 3

Barack Obama

Answer 3

the first African American president of the US, a Democrat, who served as forty-fifth president from 2009 to 2017. Senator from Illinois from 2005 to 2008; member of the Illinois Senate from 1997 to 2004.

Question 4

Bernie Sanders

Answer 4

longest serving independent in the US Congress. Ran against Hillary Clinton in the 2016 Democratic presidential primary; senator from Vermont since 2007; first elected to the House of Representatives in 1991

Question 5

General election

Answer 5

election in which voters decide which candidates will actually fill elective public offices

Question 6

Campaign Consultant

Answer 6

a private-sector professional who sells to a candidate the technologies, services, and strategies required to get that candidate elected

Question 7

Campaign Manager

Answer 7

the individual who travels with the candidate and coordinates the campaign

Question 8

Primary election

Answer 8

election in which voters decide which of the candidates within a party will represent the party in the general election

Question 9

Runoff Primary

Answer 9

a second primary election between the two candidates receiving the greatest number of votes in the first primary

Question 10

Thomas Jefferson

Answer 10

Principle drafter of the Declaration of Independence; second vice president of the US; third president of the US from 1801 to 1809. Co-founder of the Democratic-Republican party

Question 11

Contrast ad

Answer 11

ad that compares the records and proposals of the candidates, with a bias toward the candidate sponsoring the ad

Question 12

Elector

Answer 12

member of the Electoral College

Question 13

Electorate College

Answer 13

representatives of each state who cast the final ballots that actually elect a president

Question 14

Finance Chair

Answer 14

the individual who coordinates the financial business of the campaign

Question 15

Incumbency

Answer 15

already holding an office

Question 16

Initiative

Answer 16

an election that allows citizens to propose legislation or state constitutional amendments by submitting them to the electorate for popular vote

Question 17

Mid-term election

Answer 17

an election that takes place in the middle of a presidential term

Question 18

Pollster

Answer 18

a campaign consultant who conducts public opinion surveys

Question 19

Presidential Coattails

Answer 19

when successful presidential candidates carry into office congressional candidates of the same party in the year of their election

Question 20

Press secretary

Answer 20

the individual charged with interacting and communicating with journalists on a daily basis

Question 21

Reapportionment

Answer 21

the reallocation of the number of seats in the House of Representatives after each decennial census

Question 22

Recall

Answer 22

an election in which voters can remove an incumbent from office prior to the next scheduled election

Question 23

get-out-the-vote (GOTV)

Answer 23

a push at the end of a political campaign to encourage supporters to go to the polls

Question 24

Negative ad

Answer 24

advertising on behalf of a candidate that attacks the opponent’s character or platform

Question 25

Positive ad

Answer 25

advertising on behalf of a candidate that stresses the candidate’s qualifications, family, and issue positions, with no direct reference to the opponent

Question 26

Voter Canvass

Answer 26

the process by which campaign reaches individual voters, either by door-to-door solicitation or by telephone

Question 27

Federal election commission (FEC)

Answer 27

an independent regulatory agency founded in 1975 by the US Congress to regulate the campaign finance legislation in the US

Question 28

Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act (BCRA)

Answer 28

passed in 2002, this act amended the federal election campaign act of 1971 with several provisions designed to end the use of non-federal, or “soft money”

Question 29

Citizens United v. FEC

Answer 29

The 2010 US Supreme Court case that enabled corporations and unions have the same political speech rights as individuals under the 1st amendment. As part of this ruling, the Supreme Court found that the government may not prohibit corporations or unions from using their general treasury funds to support or denounce political candidates in elections.

Question 30

McCutcheon v FEC

Answer 30

the 2014 Supreme Court ruling that declared Section 441 of the Federal Election Campaign Act (FECA) unconstitutional. Section 441 imposed limits on any individual’s total political contributions (to federal candidates, parties, or political action committees) in a two-year period

Question 31

Political action committee (PAC)

Answer 31

officially recognized fund-raising organizations that represent interest groups and are allowed by federal law to make contributions directly to candidates’ campaigns

Question 32

527 political committee

Answer 32

organizations created with the primary purpose of influencing electoral outcomes; the term is typically applied only to freestanding interest groups that do not explicitly advocate for the election of a candidate

Question 33

501(c) group

Answer 33

interest groups whose primary purpose is not electoral politics

Question 34

Super PAC

Answer 34

political action committees established to make independent expenditures

Question 35

Independent expenditures

Answer 35

spending for campaign activity that is not coordinated with a candidate’s campaign

Question 36

Public funds

Answer 36

donations from general tax revenues to the campaigns of qualifying presidential candidates

Question 37

Matching funds

Answer 37

donations to presidential campaigns whereby every dollar raised from individuals in amounts less than $251 is matched by the federal treasury

Question 38

Conventional political participation

Answer 38

activism that attempts to influence the political process through commonly accepted forms of persuasion such as voting or letter writing

Question 39

Unconventional political participation

Answer 39

activism that attempts to influence the political process through unusual or extreme measures, such as protests, boycotts, and picketing

Question 40

Turnout

Answer 40

he proportion of the voting-age public that casts a ballot

Question 41

Retrospective judgment

Answer 41

a voter’s evaluation of a candidate based on past performance on a particular issue

Question 42

Prospective judgment

Answer 42

a voter’s evaluation of a candidate based on what he or she pledges to do about an issue if elected

Question 43

Front-loading

Answer 43

the tendency of states to choose an early date on the nomination calendar

Question 44

Help America Vote Act (HAVA)

Answer 44

a federal law passed in 2002 that addresses issues of voting systems and voter access that were identified following the 2000 election. It established minimum election administration standards for states and units of local government with responsibility for the administration of federal elections for other purposes related to the bill

Question 45

Communications director

Answer 45

the person who develops the overall media strategy for the candidate

Question 46

Inoculation ad

Answer 46

advertising that attempts to counteract an anticipated attack from the opposition before the attack is launched

Question 47

Federal election campaign act (FECA)

Answer 47

passed in 1971, this is the primary law that regulates political campaign spending and fundraising. The law originally focused or increased disclosure of contributions for federal campaigns.

Question 48

Donald J. Trump

Answer 48

the forty fifth president, a Republican, elected in 2016; first president elected without prior political or military experienced businessman

Question 49

Hillary Clinton

Answer 49

First female major party candidate for president of the US, a Democrat, who ran against President Donald J. Trump in 2016. Secretary of State from 2009 to 2013; New York senator from 2001 to 2009; former first lady

Question 50

Electorate

Answer 50

the citizen eligible to vote

Question 51

Mandate

Answer 51

a command, indicated by an electorate’s votes, for the elected officials to carry out a party platform or policy agenda

Question 52

Open primary

Answer 52

a primary election in which party members, independents, and sometimes members of the other party are allowed to participate

Question 53

Referendum

Answer 53

an election whereby the state legislature submits proposed legislation or state constitutional amendments to the voters for approval