Appendages Of The Skin

Question 1

What are the 3 skin appendages?

Answer 1

1. Cutaneous glands are all exocrine glands
2. Hair and hair follicles
3. Nails

Question 2

What are the 2 cutaneous glands?

Answer 2

1. Sebaceous gland (keep moisture)
2. Sweat gland (regulate body temp and rid of toxins)

Question 3

1. Sebaceous gland - Produce oil called what? Glands activated when? Most ducts open where?

Answer 3

Produce oil called sebum

Most have ducts that open into hair follicles; others open directly onto skin surface

Glands activated at puberty (could result in acne)

Question 4

1. Sebaceous glands - why do we have sebum?

Answer 4

Lubricant for skin, prevents brittle hair, and kills bacteria

Question 5

1. Sebaceous glands in ear

Answer 5

Produce cerumin (ear wax) to help lubricate and protect the external ear canal

Question 6

1. Sweat glands

Answer 6

Produce sweat and widely distributed in skin

Question 7

1. Sweat glands - two types

Answer 7

1. Eccrine - open via duct to pore on skin surface (ex: workout and get sweat on forehead)
2. Apocrine / merocrine - ducts empty into hair follicles (also activated at puberty and responsible for odour because sweat is held on by hair)

Question 8

1. Sweat glands - composition

Answer 8

Mostly water, salts, vitamin C, some metabolic waste (mainly through respiratory and digestive), fatty acids and proteins

Question 9

1. Sweat glands - functions

Answer 9

Heat dissipation (thermoregulation), waste excretion, sweat makes bacteria hard to grow (because of its acidity)

Question 10

2. Hair (found? How is it produced? Arrector pili?)

Answer 10

Found almost everywhere on body (hair is different though on parts of body)

Produced by hair follicle (follicle composed of epithelial and connective tissues)

Arrector pili is smooth muscle attached to follicle (ex: when yoy get scared, have shivers, hair will stand up)

Question 11

2. Hair colour - melanin forms

Answer 11

Variations in hair colour are due to melanin variations

More melanin = more dark hair or skin

Different forms of melanin give = dark brown, yellow brown, red

Question 12

2. Hair colour - pigment production with age

Answer 12

Pigment production declines with age (lightening colour)

White hair from lack of pigment and air bubbles in medulla of hair shaft

Question 13

3. Nails - parts of nail

Answer 13

Protect tips of fingers and toes

Nail body - thick sheets of dead, keratinized epidermal cells

Nail bed - area of epidermis under nail body

Nail root - nail production occurs

Cuticle - portion of nail extending over nail root

Lunula - pale arched are near root