Applied Female Reproduction Flashcards
1
Q
Normal FSH:LH ratio in women:
A
FSH > LH.
2
Q
What is the FSH:LH ratio in PCOS?
A
reversed. LH > FSH.
3
Q
The sole source of DHEAS:
A
- adrenal gland.
- High DHEAS indication of CAH.
4
Q
When can androgens inhibit CYP19 (aromatase) activity?
A
- high concentrations; converted to 5α-reduced androgens.
- 5α-reduced androgens inhibit CYP19 (aromatase).
5
Q
Effect of excess testosterone on sex-hormone binding globulin (SHBG):
A
- decreases liver SHBG production.
- increases free testosterone levels.
6
Q
Which drug provides cycle control and prevents endometrial hyperplasia in PCOS?
A
cyclic progesterone
7
Q
What stimulates the production of sex-hormone binding globulin (SHBG) in the liver?
A
estrogen
8
Q
Cumulative effects of oral contraceptives (P4 + E2):
A
- decreased LH; decreased testosterone.
- increased SHBG; decreased free testosterone.
- P4 decreases endometrial growth.
9
Q
Function of clomiphene:
A
- blocks ERα in the hypothalamus.
- inhibits E2 negative feedback on FSH.
- FSH levels rise.
10
Q
Function of metformin:
A
- improves insulin sensitivity; reduces hyperinsulinemia.
- decreases gluconeogenesis.
11
Q
How can metformin aid in PCOS?
A
- LH + insulin has a synergistic effect on Theca cell androgen production.
- metformin decreases insulin levels.
12
Q
Function of letrozol:
A
- aromatase inhibitor
