Approaches - 02 Learning approaches (2-Social Learning Theory) Flashcards
Did Bandura agree or disagree with behaviourists?
He agreed, but proposed that learning takes place in a social context through observation and imitation of others behaviour
What are the 4 features of social learning theory
1-learning occurs indirectly
2-observing consequences of behaviour
3-Mediational processes play a crucial role in learning
4-Identification with a role model is important
What is vicarious reinforcement
When children see that a behaviour has been rewarded or reinforced and so they are much more likely to be copied than behaviours that are being punished
What are the 4 mediational processes (ARRM)
A-attention
R-retention
R-reproduction
M-motivation
What is attention in ARRM?
Whether or not a behaviour is noticed. We pay attention to role models
What is retention in ARRM?
Whether a behaviour is remembered in LTM
What is reproduction in ARRM?
The individual replicates the behaviour shown by a model
What is motivation in ARRM?
The will or desire to perform the behaviour, which id often determined by whether the behaviour was rewarded or punished (vicarious reinforcement)
What is modelling?
When you observe the actions or behaviours of a role model, this leads to imitation of the model’s behaviour.
What is identification?
the extent to when an individual relates to a model and feels that he/she is similar to that person
What makes someone more likely to imitate a model’s behaviour?
If they are attractive and have a high status
Supporting evidence for SLT
Bandura + Walters’ study (1963) = learn through consequences of others = increase our confidence in theory
Practical application of SLT
made aware of need for protecting children from violence = shows need for watershed on TV and use of age restrictions
Evaluation of methodology used in SLT
conducted in lab setting = demand characteristics “look mummy there’s the doll we have to hit” = low internal validity =limit usefulness
Contrast with an alternative for SLT
1-less deterministic than biological = more realistic and flexible approach
2-Ignores biological factors = important influences on behaviour not accounted for by SLT
