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Psych Paper 2 > Approaches Advanced Evaluation > Flashcards

Approaches Advanced Evaluation Flashcards

1
Q

Defence Mechanisms Weaknesses

A
  • Lack of testability

- Only inferred or reported

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2
Q

Defence Mechanisms Strengths

A
  • Examples
  • Intuitive appeal
  • Evidence
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3
Q

DF strength lack of testability explanation

A

unconscious so can’t study directly

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4
Q

DF weakness only reported explanation

A

can only be inferred from behaviour or reported from thoughts or experiences
not accurate

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5
Q

DF Strength examples explanation

A

slamming doors when angry at people

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6
Q

DF Strength Intuitive appeal explanation

A

most people can appreciate/ understand each mechanism

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7
Q

DF Strength evidence explanation

A

people who are unable to recall upsetting events (repression)

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8
Q

Psychodynamic strengths

A
  • Huge influence on Psychology (FREUDS IDEAS)

- Practical applications (THERAPY)

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9
Q

Psychodynamic Weaknesses

A
  • Research methods used criticised (FREUD’S THEORY)
  • Cannot be falsified (PSEUDOSCIENCE)
  • Deterministic (REMOVES FREE WILL)
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10
Q

Psycho influence on psych strength

A
  • explains phenomena like abnormal behaviour
  • importance of Freuds ideas
  • explains human behaviour
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11
Q

Psycho practical applications strength

A
  • Freud = psychoanalysis
  • treats mental health lead to therapy(effective)
  • unconscious effects thoughts and feelings
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12
Q

Psycho RM weakness

A
  • idiographic RM
  • Freud based on individuals study (little hans)
  • Not accurate or true
  • not useful
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13
Q

Psycho Can’t be falsified weakness

A
  • Id + Oedipus on unconscious so cant be disproven
  • psycho is pseudoscience
  • reduces credibility in explaining behaviour
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14
Q

Psycho deterministic weakness

A
  • caused by unconscious conflict
  • removes free will
  • means people aren’t accountable to own behaviour in society
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15
Q

Skinner/ Pavlov Weaknesses

A
  • Not generalisable
  • Unethical
  • low External Validity
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16
Q

Skinner/ Pavlov Strengths

A
  • Lab experiment
  • findings broadly applied
  • good internal validity
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17
Q

Skinner/ Pavlov Generalisability Weaknesses

A
  • animals cant be generalised to humans
  • reinforcement not as simple on humans
  • bad external validity as humans more complex
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18
Q

Skinner/ Pavlov Unethical Weaknesses

A

-harm to animals as can’t consent

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19
Q

Skinner/ Pavlov findings broadly applied strength

A

-reinforcement used in many everyday areas e.g schools, prisons

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20
Q

Skinner/ Pavlov Lab strength

A
  • easily replicated
  • controlled environment
  • reliable
  • goof internal validity as no other variables effect IV and DV
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21
Q

Behaviourism Strengths

A
  • Scientific Application
  • Real Life Credibility
  • Can explain how psychological problems develop
22
Q

Behaviourism Weaknesses

A
  • Highly deterministic

- Ethical Issues

23
Q

Behaviourism Scientific Application Strength

A
  • Measures observable behaviour
  • objective + replicable
  • developmental in psych as a scientific discipline
24
Q

Behaviourism Real Life Credibility Strength

A
  • Token economy systems in prisons
  • operant conditioning
  • good treatment as require less patient effort
25
Q

Behaviourism in explaining how psychological problems develop Strength

A
  • phobias-two process model
  • conditioning is valid explanation of phobia development
  • phobia treatment by unlearning phobia
26
Q

Behaviourism Deterministic Weakness

A
  • actions pre-conditioned
  • ignores freewill
  • suggests no responsibility for behaviour
27
Q

Behaviourism Unethical Weakness

A
  • Skinner-animal shocks
  • harm not necessary as findings not generalisable
  • humans respond to conditioning differently
28
Q

Banduras Strengths

A
  • Good reliability

- Applied to real world

29
Q

Banduras Weaknesses

A
  • SL effects only short term
  • Issues interpreting Behaviour
  • Ethical Issues
  • Low generalisability
30
Q

Banduras Reliability Strength

A
  • controlled conditions with various groups
  • replicable
  • internal + external reliability
31
Q

Banduras Real World Application Strength

A
  • Individuals copy what they see
  • programmes with drugs, sex etc can’t be shown before 9pm incase young children copy
  • banduras research is influential
32
Q

Banduras Short Term SL Effects Weakness

A
  • 40 minute study
  • no long term behaviour effects studied
  • not sure if good validity in real world
33
Q

Banduras Interpreting Behaviour Weakness

A
  • Bobo doll meant to be hit
  • Children just using in way its meant to be
  • not necessarily aggressive behaviour from adult
34
Q

Banduras Ethical Issues Weakness

A
  • If study true then might have long term effects making behaviour aggressive in the future
  • not protecting from harm
35
Q

Banduras Low Generalisability Weakness

A
  • 72 participants from 3-6 years
  • doesn’t include how older children are influenced
  • not generalisable to older children or adults
36
Q

SLT Strengths

A
  • More Comprehensive
  • Explains Cultural Differences
  • Less Deterministic than behaviourism
37
Q

SLT Weaknesses

A
  • Overreliance on Lab Studies

- Underestimates Biological Influence

38
Q

SLT More Comprehensive Strength

A
  • Recognises mediational processes
  • behaviourism criticised for not using MP
  • less reductionist
39
Q

SLT Cultural Difference Strength

A
  • how children interpret gender roles
  • e.g. looking after home = feminine in Britain but masculine in Africa
  • Can explain a range of behaviours
40
Q

SLT Overreliance on Lab Studies Weakness

A
  • Bandura = controlled (demand characteristics like bobo doll purpose)
  • children doing what believed expected
  • limits applicability in every day life
41
Q

SLT Underestimates Biological Influence Weakness

A
  • more aggressive boys than girls
  • hormonal levels
  • reduces validity and limits evidence
42
Q

SLT Less Deterministic than behaviourism strength

A
  • behaviourism rejected free will
  • however, bandura suggests we can choose when to use particular behaviours
  • we have more active role in learning that behaviourism suggests
43
Q

Humanism Weaknesses

A
  • not generalisable to other cultures
  • difficult to test
  • little real world application
44
Q

Humanism Strengths

A
  • Brings human into psychology

- More validity than alternatives

45
Q

Humanism not generalisable to other cultures Weakness

A
  • many humanistic ideas better associated with individualistic cultures
  • collectivist culture-India not identifiable with humanism ideas
  • only apply to culture which it was developed
46
Q

Humanism difficult to test Weakness

A
  • vague ideas
  • e.g. ‘self-actualisation’ therapeutic problematic to asses in experiments
  • short on empirical evidence to support claims
47
Q

Humanism little real world application Weakness

A
  • even though roger = counselling and Maslow = motivation in work place
  • little impact on psych as a whole
  • little sound evidence + loose set of abstract concepts
48
Q

Humanism Brings human into psychology Strength

A
  • positive image of human condition
  • Freud saw humans as slaves of their past
  • humanism is optimistic + sees humans as in control of their lives
49
Q

Humanism More validity than alternatives Strength

A
  • doesn’t break up behaviour into smaller components
  • advocates holism
  • considers human behaviour with real life contexts
50
Q

Humanism Comparison

A
  • Nature-SA
  • Holistic
  • Free Will
  • Ideographic
  • Antiscientific
  • Client centred Therapy
51
Q

Psychodynamic Comparison

A
  • Nurture(biology) - Nature(parental relationship)
  • Reductionist (unconscious behaviour)
  • Psychic Determinism
  • Idiographic(little Hans) + Nomothetic
  • Uses case studies(not scientific)
52
Q

Behaviourism Comparison

A
  • Nurture
  • Environmental reductionist
  • Enviromental deterministic
  • Nomothetic
  • Lab experiments
  • Systematic desensitisation + Flooding

Psych Paper 2 (4 decks)

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