Approaches and Perspectives Flashcards
What is the behaviourist perspective ?
States that all behaviour is learnt from the environment. Primarily concerned with observable behaviour (external).
What does the behaviourist perspective believe ?
-Behaviour must be measure in highly controlled environments.
-When we are born, our mind id a blank slate.
-Little difference in learning between animals and humans.
What does behaviourist approach believe behaviour is a result of ?
Behaviour is a response of a stimulus - response.
What are the 3 concepts of behaviour ?
Classical conditioning, operant conditioning and social learning theory.
Social Learning Theory
Learnt, observation, imitation, role models, identify, vicarious reinforcement, direct reinforcement, internalisation.
Operant conditioning
Involves learning through consequences, positive or negative reinforcement, of behavioural responses.
Positive Reinforcement
Reward
Negative Reinforcement
Avoidance
Classical conditioning
Learning by association (paired association).
What is the cognitive approach?
Studies internal mental processing. States that we are like computers (input, encode, storage, retrieval, output) . It is the preference for experimental method.
What is the psychodynamic perspective assumptions ?
Behaviour is down to the subconscious, childhood experience and conflict, which has a resolution.
What are the 3 psychodynamic concepts ?
Tripartite of Personality, Oedipus Complex and the Electra Complex.
What does the individualistic approach look for ?
Looks for differences in behaviour between individuals.
What can not everyone be considered in the individualistic approach ?
Individuals differ their behaviour and personal qualities so not everyone can be considered ‘average’ person.
What does the individualistic approach say about being genetically unique ?
Every individual is genetically unique and this uniqueness is displayed through their behaviour, so everyone behaves differently.
