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Human tity > Architecture > Flashcards

Architecture Flashcards

1
Q

Any material consisting of stone, brick, or concrete

A

Masonry

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2
Q

Any powdered material that, when wetted, binds with stone or other hard material

A

Cement

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3
Q

A mixture of water, cement, and stone that hardens on drying. Can be formed into curving shapes and, in modern construction is usually reinforced with steel

A

Concrete

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4
Q

Glass held in iron framework, as used widely in nineteenth century rail stations, shopping arcades, and other commercial structures

A

Iron and Glass

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5
Q

The modern metal(iron with a low carbon content) of great strength and malleability widely used in modern construction

A

Steel

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6
Q

Concrete strengthened by steel rods or mesh. Invented in the mid-nineteenth century, reinforced concrete is the most widely used material of modern construction. Also called ferro-concrete

A

Steel-reinforced concrete

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7
Q

The technique with which a building spans and encloses space

A

Construction

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8
Q

Post-and-LintelThe most basic architectural, in which columns support horizontal beams

A

Post-and-Lintel

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9
Q

The architectural form in which a curving assemblage of wedge-shaped stores spans the distance between two columns or walls

A

Arch

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10
Q

A triangular framework of beams or bars for supporting a roof or other structure

A

Truss

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11
Q

A cage of wood beams; typical in residential construction

A

Balloon frame

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12
Q

A cage of steel beams; a method often employed in today’s larger buildings. Also called steel frame

A

Steel Cage

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13
Q

A technique of construction in which only one end of a beam or rigid horizontal member is supported, while the opposite end hangs freely in space

A

Cantilever

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14
Q

A supporting arm or post, usually to brace a wall, arch, or vault

A

Buttress

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15
Q

Any combination of arches that covers or encloses a space

A

Vault

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16
Q

A tunnel-like series of connected arches, open on either end.

A

Barrel Vault

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17
Q

A ceiling formed by the intersection of two tunnel vaults. Also called groin vault

A

Cross Vault

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18
Q

A mound-shaped Buddhist shrine

A

Stupa

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19
Q

A place of congregation of Christian worshippers

A

Church

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20
Q

A building for the congregation of Muslim worshippers

A

Mosque

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21
Q

A tiered, tower-like building typical of East Asian Buddhist temples

A

Pagoda

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22
Q

A raised table or platform where sacrifices are placed and offerings made to the deity

A

Altar

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23
Q

Pertaining to the buildings of ancient Greece and Rome

A

Classical, Neoclassical

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24
Q

The triangular area formed by the gables at either end of a classical temple; often decorated with sculpture

A

Pediment

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25
Q

The upper section of a classical temple that rests on the columns; includes architrave, frieze, and cornice

A

Entablature

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26
Q

The horizontal ledge overhanging the entablature; any horizontal projection along the top of a wall

A

Cornice

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27
Q

The colonnaded porch enclosing the entrance of a temple, often approached by a stairway

A

Portico

28
Q

The rectangular space of a church, flanked by aisles, where worshipers congregate

A

Nave

29
Q

The niche-like eastern end of a church, usually housing the altar

A

Apse

30
Q

The crossing arm of a cross-shaped church

A

Transept

31
Q

The rectangular area east (or behind) the crossing of nave and transept, where the choir stands to sing

A

Choir

32
Q

A curving passageway leading from the transept aisle around the choir, giving access to the chapels

A

Ambulatory

33
Q

A small room or recess usually reserved for prayer or family worship; in traditional church architecture, an apselike niche radiating from the transept arm or apse

A

Chapel

34
Q

The tower from which Muslim believers are called to prayer

A

Minaret

35
Q

A wall niche marking the direction of Mecca, toward which the faithful turn to pray

A

Mihrab

36
Q

A raised podium from which a religious leader speaks to the assembled faithful

A

Minbar

37
Q

Where the faithful wash themselves in preparation for prayer

A

Ablution fountain

38
Q

Pictorial decoration made of colored glass, stone, or tile cemented to a wall or floor

A

Mosaic

39
Q

A band of sculpted or painted decoration, usually placed high on a wall

A

Frieze

40
Q

Mural painting applied to wet plaster

A

Fresco

41
Q

Colored glass held in place by metal or stone

A

Stained glass

42
Q

An abstract decorative motif typical of Muslim architecture

A

Arabesque

43
Q

A style of decorating a classical temple, distinguished by the treatment of column and entablature

A

Order

44
Q

A column attached to a building wall

A

Relief (Or Engaged) Column

45
Q

A shallow relief of column or pier, usually grooved with fluting and bearing a capital, that projects only slightly from the wall

A

Pilaster

46
Q

An overhanging ledge, adapted from classical architecture

A

Cornice(2?)

47
Q

Any shaped decorative strip. When it runs horizontally across a wall, called a string course

A

Molding

48
Q

A toothlike cornice or molding, typical of neoclassical decoration

A

Dentil

49
Q

A decorative railing

A

Balustrade

50
Q

Window topped by an ornamental pediment; pediment may be triangular, circular, or “broken” at the apex

A

Pedimented window

51
Q

The distinctive ways of architectural design and decoration peculiar to an individual, group, or type of building

A

Style

52
Q

Window with an arched upper section, so-called after Renaissance architect Andrea Palladio

A

Palladian Window

53
Q

The weight or bulk of a building’s different sections, usually discussed as they strike the eye from different elevations.

A

Mass

54
Q

The front of a building

A

Facade

55
Q

The diagram of a building’s floor, showing walls, columns, and other structural elements

A

Plan

56
Q

The drawing of a building’s facades as they appear from each side

A

Elevation

57
Q

A drawing of a building as if it were sliced through the center

A

Section

58
Q

A perspective drawing with some upper sections cut away to reveal a partial view of the interior

A

Cutaway

59
Q

A style of colonial America still much imitated. Red brick exteriors with dormer windows

A

Georgian

60
Q

Originating in romanticism, the style imitates medieval Gothic-style churches and castles

A

Gothic Revival

61
Q

Widely used in the pre-Civil War United States to achieve timelessness and granduer

A

Classical or Greek Revival

62
Q

The gilded high-society style of the later 1800s, adapted from the official French school of fine arts.

A

Beaux Arts

63
Q

The first skyscrapers constructed of an interior steel frame.

A

Chicago School

64
Q

Popular commerical style 1925-1940. Sleek curving lines defined by gleaming metal.

A

Art Deco

65
Q

The dominant commercial style from 1950-1980. In office buildings, typically a pure glass and steel box unspoiled by decoration.

A

Modernism or International Style

66
Q

More colorful and eclectic than pure modernism. May incorporate elements of historical or exotic styles, decorative flourishes, and playful colors.

A

Postmodern

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