Aristotle

Question 1

Eudaimonia

Answer 1

The ultimate goal/end, human flourishing, the good life for human beings

Question 2

Function

Answer 2

Ergon: characteristic activity of a thing
Aristotle believed that parts of the human body had a function and so did humans
Our ergon is to use reasons
We either use practical reasoning (our own judgment) or theoretical reasoning (general truths to decide an outcome)

Question 3

Virtues

Answer 3

Characteristics that allow a thing to achieve its goal/function
They are excellences
We obtain these through observation instruction and experience
,Morally virtue are excellences in relation to behaviour, those who have it will live the good life, and it lies in between two vices (doc of mean)

Question 4

Aquisiton of virtue

Answer 4

observation instruction and experience

Question 5

Skill analogy

Answer 5

Humans are all born with capability to do something

we realise it through observation skill and experience

Question 6

Voluntary act

Answer 6

Agent knows what they’re doing, action is chosen

Question 7

Involuntary

Answer 7

Nobody is to blame (sailor going off course due to wind)
Mixed action- sailor throws off cargo to avoid sinking

If action regretted then nobody is to blame

Question 8

Circularity

Answer 8

Circularity: Virtuous action is one that is performed by a virtuous person
How do we identify this
Response- aq of virtue

Question 9

Clashing virtues

Answer 9

Honesty and loyalty to a friend could clash

Response-practical reasoning

Question 10

No guidance on how ot act

Answer 10

Doc of mean provides no guidance of how to act, how are we meant to know what virtue we need to pick, no clear guidance on decision procedure