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DIVERSITY > Arthropod Classification > Flashcards

Arthropod Classification Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main divisions of arthropods classification? (4)

A

Trilobitamorpha
Chelicerata
Crustaceans
Uniramia

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2
Q

How are the arthropods classified (according your table)? [6]

A
  • No. of body parts.*
  • How they breath*.
  • How they reproduce*.
  • No. of antennae*.
  • Extra information.
  • Example.
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3
Q

What are the distinguishing characteristics of arthropods?(5)

A
  • Exoskeleton [=made of chitin].
  • Jointed limbs.
  • Heart [dorsal side].
  • Nerve cord [ventral side].
  • G.I Tract.
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4
Q

How are arthropods similar to humans?

A

They are similar to humans through a distant ancestor that we share and Hox genes that have caused different positioning of limbs.

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5
Q

Why do arthropods/insects remain the most successful even till this day?

A

It is because of their body type as they have 3 body parts with 3 pairs of legs and an antennae.

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6
Q

Explain geological time scale of arthropods/insects.

A

Before the Cambrian explosion/Cambrian period there was little diversity of organisms however, after the Cambrian explosion rapid diversification of organisms occurred especially for insects/arthropods such as Hallucigenia and Anomalicans. This was so because of the evolution of vision in this group of organisms.

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7
Q

Explain main divisions of arthropods regarding no. of body parts.

A

●Trilobitamorpha
•Trilobita (extinct) = 3 lobes.

●Chelicerata
•Meristomata = 2 [Prosoma+Opisthosoma].
•Arachnida = 2.
•Pycnogonida = 2.

●Crustacea(8)
• Malacrostra = 2.
• Amphipoda = 2.
• Cirripedia = 2.

●Unimaria
• Onycophora = leg segments.
• Myriapoda = leg segments.
• Hexapods = 3 [Prosoma+Opistosoma+Furcula/Tail].

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8
Q

Explain the main divisions of arthropods regarding how they breath.

A

●Trilobitamorpha
•Trilobita(extinct) = Gills.

●Chelicerata
• Meristomata = Gills.
• Arachnida = Book lungs+Trachea
• Pycnogonida = "Gut" breathing(leg pores)
●Crustacea
• Malacrostra = Gills.
• Amphipoda = Gills.
• Cirripedia = Gills.

●Uniramia
• Onycophora = Spiracles.
• Myriapoda = Spiracles.
• Hexapods = Spiracles.

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9
Q

Explain the main divisions of arthropods regarding how they reproduce.

A

●Trilobitamorpha
• Trilobita(extinct) = Spermatophores.

●Chelicerata
• Meristomata = Spermatophores.
• Arachnida = Spermatophores.
• Pycnogonida = No spermatophores.

● Crustacea
• Malacrostra = Spermatophores.
• Amphipoda = Spermatophores.
• Cirripedia = Spermatophores.

●Uniramia
• Onycophora = Spermatophores.
• Myriapoda = Spermatophores.
• Hexapods = Spermatophores.

  • Spermatophores
    » sperm packet.
    » left in environment.
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10
Q

Explain the main divisions of arthropods regarding no. of antennae.

A

●Trilobitamorpha
• Trilobita(extinct) = 1 pair.

●Chelicerata
• Meristomata = 0.
• Arachnida = 0.
• Pycnogonida = 0.

●Crustacea
• Malacrostra = Biramous(2 branches)
• Amphipoda = Biramous.
• Cirripedia = Biramous.

●Urinamia
• Onycophora = 1 pair.
• Myriapoda = 1 pair.
• Hexapods = 1 pair.

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11
Q

Explain the main divisions of arthropods regarding extra information.

A

●Trilobitamorpha
• Trilobita = NONE

●Chelicerata
• Meristomata = NONE.
• Arachnida = 8 legs.
• Pycnogonida = 1 pair of pincers(modified).

●Crustacea
• Malacrostra = NONE.
• Amphipoda = Terrestrial crustacean+Not an insect.
• Cirripedia = Sessile crustacean(mobile larvae+filter feed using legs+mate with neighbouring).

●Uniramia
• Onycophora = NONE.
• Myriapoda = Chilopoda(venomous)+Diplopoda(poisonous).
•Hexapods = No wings.

  • Small pincers
  • Thick tail.
  • High venom.
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12
Q

Explain the main divisions of arthropods regarding examples.

A

●Trilobitamorpha
• Trilobita(extinct) = NONE.

●Chelicerata
• Meristomata = Horseshoe crabs.
• Arachnida = Scorpions; Spiders; Ticks.
• Pycnogonida = Sea spiders.

●Crustacea
• Malacrostra = Crabs; Shrimps; Lobsters.
• Amphipoda = Woodlouses.
• Cirripedia = Barnacles.

●Uniramia
• Onycophora = Velvet worms.
• Myriapoda = Centipedes(Chilopoda); Millipedes(Diplopoda).
• Hexapods = Springtails; Silverfish; Telsontails; Bristletails.

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13
Q

Lay out the divisions regarding Pterygota.

A

●Pterygota

1) Paleoptera (old wings).
(a) Odonata.
(b) Ephemeroptera.

2) Neoptera (new wings).
(a) Exopterygota.
(b) Endopterygota.

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14
Q

Explain the main divisions of Pterygota regarding no. of body parts.

A

●Paleoptera
• Odonata = 3.
• Ephemeroptera = 3.

●Neoptera
• Exopterygota = 3.
• Endopterygota = 3.

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15
Q

Explain the main divisions of Pterygota regarding no. of antennae.

A

●Paleoptera
• Odonata = 1pair.
• Ephemeroptera = 1 pair.

●Neoptera
• Exopterygota = 1 pair.
• Endopterygota = 1 pair.

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16
Q

Explain the main divisions of Pterygota regarding no. of wings.

A

●Paleoptera
• Odonata = 2 pairs.
• Ephemeroptera = 2 pairs.

●Neoptera
• Exopterygota = Wing buds present.
• Endopterygota = Imaginal discs.

17
Q

Explain the main divisions of Pterygota regarding how they breath.

A

●Paleoptera
• Odonata = Spiracles.
• Ephemeroptera = Spiracles.

●Neoptera
• Exopterygota = Spiracles.
• Endopterygota = Spiracles.

18
Q

Explain the main divisions of Pterygota regarding how they reproduce.

A

●Paleoptera
• Odonata = Spermatophores.
• Ephemeroptera = Spermatophores.

●Neoptera
• Exopterygota = Spermatophores.
• Endopterygota = Spermatophores.

19
Q

Explain the main divisions of Pterygota regarding extra information.

A

●Paleoptera
• Odonata = NONE.
• Ephemeroptera = NONE.

●Neoptera
• Exopterygota = Hemimetabolous/Incomplete metamorphosis.
• Endopterygota = Holometabolous/Complete metamorphosis.

20
Q

Explain the main divisions of Pterygota regarding examples.

A

●Paleoptera
• Odonata = Dragonflies; Damselflies
• Ephemeroptera = Mayflies.

●Neoptera
• Exopterygota = Leaf hopper.
• Endopterygota = Butterflies; Dung beetles.

21
Q

What is the meaning of prefixes & suffixes:

  • Paleo
  • Ptera
  • Neo
  • Exo
  • Endo
  • Ephemero
  • Poda
  • Myria
A
  • Paleo = old.
  • Ptera = wings.
  • Neo = new.
  • Exo = outside.
  • Endo = inside.
  • Ephemero = short lived/short living.
  • Poda = legs/feet.
  • Myria = many.

DIVERSITY (21 decks)

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