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Cyber 100 > Assembly Language Basics > Flashcards

Assembly Language Basics Flashcards

1
Q

An application oriented language

A

Level 5- High Level Language

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2
Q

In level 5 what do programs do?

A

compile into assembly language 4

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3
Q

the bridge between machine language and high level language

A

level 4- assembly language

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4
Q

what level are call functions written?

A

level 3 - operating system

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5
Q

instructions that have already been defined into the system

A

Mcnemonics

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6
Q

what level provides services to level 4 ie. Assembly language

A

level 3. Operating Language

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7
Q

what level are programs translated to run?

A

level 2 at the instruction set architecture level

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8
Q

what level is also known as the conventional machine language level?

A

level 2- Instruction Set Architecture

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9
Q

what level is level 2 executed by?

A

level 1

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10
Q

What level interprets machine instructions ?

A

level 1

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11
Q

what level executes the interpreted machine instructions?

A

executed by level 0- digital hardware

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12
Q

what is the CPU constructed from?

A

*Digital logic gates
*System Bus
*Memory

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13
Q

how is the digital hardware implemented?

A

using bipolar transistors

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14
Q

what are the 5 specific machine languages?

A
  • Level 5: High-Level Language
    • Level 4: Assembly Language
    • Level 3: Operating System
    • Level 2: Instruction Set Architecture
    • Level 1: Microarchitecture
    • Level 0: Digital Logic
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15
Q

what performs arithmetic and logical (bitwise) operations

A

the ALU

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16
Q

coordinates sequence of execution steps

A

the control unit (CU)

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17
Q

a group of parallel wires that transfer data

A

THE BUS

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18
Q

what are the bus types?

A

*Address
*Data
*Control

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19
Q

holds the address of instructions and data, when the currently executing instructions transfer data between the CPU and memory, basically it finds where the data is located especially in memory, and you use this bus to find where you stored it

A

the address bus

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20
Q

transfers instructions and data between the CPU and Memory

A

the data bus

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21
Q

uses binary signals to synchronize actions of all devices attached to the system bus

A

the control bus

22
Q

a binary pattern designed inside a microprocessor to perform a specific function.

A

an instruction

23
Q

The entire group of instructions that a microprocessor supports is called?

A

an instruction set

24
Q

An instruction consists of an Opcode, usually with some additional information like where the operands come from and where the results go

A

instruction format

25
Q

can be a register , memory , location, or immediate

A

an operand

26
Q

what are the Simple IECS?

A

FETCH , DECODE, AND EXECUTE

27
Q

fetch the data from the memory

A

fetch

28
Q

decode the fetched data

A

decode

29
Q

address calculations

A

fetch operands

30
Q

two fundamental operations of memory?

A

read and write

31
Q

Reads previously stored data

A

read (memory)

32
Q

stores value in memory

A

write (memory)

33
Q

what decides whether it reads from memory or writes from memory

A

the control bus

34
Q

how a program runs steps?

A
  • The program is loaded into the hard disk drive:
    1. The instructions are copied from the RAM
    2. OS points to program entry point
    3. Start CPU running those instructions into the RAM
35
Q

high speed storage locations inside the CPU

A

registers

36
Q

instruction pointer = ?

A

Eflags

37
Q

accumulator: automatically used by multiplication and division instructions

A

EAX

38
Q

loop counter: contain the loop count value for
iterative instructions

A

ECX

39
Q

index registers: used by high-speed memory
transfer instructions.

A

ESI, EDI

40
Q

the instruction pointer (also called program counter): contains the address of the next instruction to be executed.

A

EIP

41
Q

a register consists of individual binary bits that control the operation of the CPU or reflect the outcome of some CPU operation.

A

EFLAGS

42
Q

A flag is set when?

A

it equals 1

43
Q

a flag is clear when?

A

it equals 0

44
Q

record certain information about the most recent arithmetic or logical operation.

A

status flags

45
Q

unsigned arithmetic out of range

A

carry

46
Q

signed arithmetic out of range

A

overflow

47
Q

result is negative

A

sign

48
Q

result is zero

A

zero

49
Q

carry from bit 3 to bit 4

A

auxilliary carry

50
Q

sum of 1 bits is an even number

A

parity

Cyber 100 (7 decks)

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