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Science > Astronomy Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Astronomy Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

A system in which the earth is in the middle

A

Geocentric

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2
Q

Who created the Geocentric system????

A

Ptolemy (Thal-uh-me)

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3
Q

A system in which the sun is in the middle

A

Heliocentric

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4
Q

Who created the Heliocentric system???

A

Nicholas Copernicus

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5
Q

An elongated circle or oval that Keplar discovered the shape of orbit was

A

Ellipse

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6
Q

Issac Newton concluded that _______ and _______ combined to keep planets in their orbit

A

Inertia and Gravity

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7
Q

The tendency of a moving object to continue in a straight line or stationary object to remain in its place

A

Inertia

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8
Q

The force that attracts objects toward each other

A

Gravity

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9
Q

The process in which hydrogen atoms join together to form helium and the sun energy comes from

A

Nuclear Fusion

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10
Q

The Sun has _____ layers

A

Three

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11
Q

The stream of electrically charged particles that the corona sends out

A

Solar Wind

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11
Q

Areas of gas on the sun that are cooler than the gasses around them

A

Sunspots

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11
Q

Reddish loops of gas that link different parts of sunspot regions

A

Prominences

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11
Q

When hydrogen has explodes out into space these explosions are called

A

Solar Flares

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12
Q

Chunks of ice and dust whose orbits are very long, narrow ellipses

A

Comets

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13
Q

Objects that are too small and numerous to be planets and that revolve around the sun between the orbits of mars and Jupiter

A

Asteroid

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14
Q

The region of the solar system between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter where asteroids are found.

A

Asteroid Belt

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15
Q

A chunk of rock or dust in space

A

Meteoroids

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16
Q

To become meteorites, meteorites must ____ _______ ___ __________ ___ ___ ______ _______

A

Pass through the atmosphere and hit earths surface

17
Q

A streak of light that is made by the burning of a meteoroid in Earths atmosphere

A

Meteor

21
Q

What was Ptolemy trying to explain in his model by having the planets move on smaller circles that move on bigger circles??

A

Why the direction and speed of the planets seemed to change

22
Q

How do gravity and inertia keep the planets in orbit around the sun??

A

Earth keeps pulling the moon toward it with gravity, while the moon keeps moving ahead because of inertia

23
Q

Where does the suns energy come from??

A

Nuclear Fusion

24
Q

The process in which hydrogen atoms join together to form helium, releasing energy.

A

Nuclear Fusion

25
Q

The central part of the sun where nuclear fusion takes place

A

Core

26
Q

The inner layer of the suns atmosphere

A

Photosphere

27
Q

The middle layer of the suns atmosphere

A

Chromosphere

28
Q

The outer layer of the suns atmosphere

A

Corona

29
Q

Most asteroids revolve around the sun between the orbits of ____ ___ _______

A

Mars and Jupiter

30
Q

Most ancient astronomers thought that all celestial objects revolved around _____

A

Earth

31
Q

The force that pulls the moon toward Earth is called _______

A

Gravity

32
Q

The planets that are closer to the sun than Earth are Venus and _______

A

Mercury

33
Q

The solar wind pushes has away from a comet. Gas and dust form the comets ____

A

Tail

34
Q

When a large _________ strikes earth, it can cause a crater

A

Meteoroid

35
Q

Why are sunspots darker than the other parts of the sun???

A

Because they are cooler

36
Q

What is the chromospheres appearance during a total solar eclipse???

A

Reddish glow

37
Q

What evidence that Galileo found support Copernicus’s theory??

A

Moons around Jupiter and Venus going through phases.

38
Q

Temperature of the core =

A

15 million degrees Celcius

39
Q

The total mass of helium produced by nuclear fusion is ________ ____ than the total mass of the hydrogen that goes into it

A

Slightly Less

40
Q

There is enough hydrogen fuel in the core to last __ _______ years

A

10 Billion

41
Q

Are there boundaries between the layers of the sun??

A

No

42
Q

During a solar eclipse, the moon blocks light from the ___________

A

Photosphere (no longer providing the glare that keeps you from seeing the suns faint, outer layers).

43
Q

When is the corona visible???

A

During solar eclipses and with the use of special telescopes.

44
Q

(Related to Solar Wind) Normally Earths __________ and ________ _____ block out the particles.

A

Atmosphere and magnetic field

45
Q

However near the _____ and _____ _____, the particles can enter Earths atmosphere, where they hit has molecules and cause them to glow.

A

North and South Poles

46
Q

A rippling sheet of light in the sky

A

Aurora

47
Q

The number of sunspots on the sun varies over __ __ __ years

A

10 to 11

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