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Science > Astronomy Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Astronomy Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

The brightness the star would have if it were a standard distance from Earth

A

Absolute Magnitude

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2
Q

Brightness of a star as seen from Earth.

A

Apparent Magnitude

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3
Q

The change of position of an object from where you look at it.

A

Parallax

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4
Q

Nearly 90% of stars fall into the ____ _________

A

Main Sequence

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5
Q

Astronomers use ________ to measure the distances to nearby stars.

A

Parallax

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6
Q

A tool that breaks light from an object into colors and photographs the resulting spectrum.

A

Spectrograph

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7
Q

A telescope that uses convex lenses to gather a large amount of light and focuses it onto a smaller area.

A

Refracting Telescope.

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8
Q

In the electromagnetic spectrum, radio waves (the lowest frequency) have ____ waves, and gamma rays have _____ waves.

A

Long

Short

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9
Q

What are the main characteristics to classify starts?

A

Size, temperature, and brightness.

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10
Q

Stars in a pattern.

A

Constellation

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11
Q

The range of wavelengths of electromagnetic waves

A

Spectrum

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12
Q

An area of 1 or more telescopes.

A

Observatory

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13
Q

The distance between the crest of one wave and the next one.

A

Wavelength

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14
Q

Huge collection of gas, dust, and stars that are in space.

A

Galaxy.

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15
Q

All of space and everything in it.

A

Universe

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16
Q

The unit used to measure distances between stars.

A

Light-year

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17
Q

A neutron star that produces radio waves.

A

Pulsar

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18
Q

A large amount of gas and dust in space, spread out in an immense volume.

A

Nebula

19
Q

A contracting cloud of gas and dust; the earliest stage of a stars life

A

Protostar

20
Q

The remaining hot core of a star after its outer layers have expanded and drifted off into space.

A

White Dwarf

21
Q

The explosion of a dying giant star or supergiant star.

A

Supernova

22
Q

A tiny star that remains after a supernova explosion. Smaller and denser than white dwarfs.

A

Neutron star

23
Q

The remains of an extremely massive star pulled into a small volume by the force of gravity.

A

Black Hole

24
Q

A distant galaxy with a black hole in the center

A

Quasar

25
Q

Average size stars may live up to __ billion years.

A

10

26
Q

A star system that contains 2 stars.

A

Binary star

27
Q

A system in which one star periodically blocks the light from another.

A

Eclipsing Binary

28
Q

A galaxy whose arms curve outward in a pinwheel pattern.

A

Spiral Galaxy

29
Q

A galaxy shaped like a flattened ball.

A

Elliptical galaxy.

30
Q

A galaxy that does not have a regular shape.

A

Irregular Galaxy

31
Q

The Milky Way is a ______ galaxy

A

Spiral

32
Q

The initial explosion that resulted in the formation and expansion of the universe.

A

Big Bang

33
Q

The universe formed about __ to __ billion years ago.

A

10 to 15

34
Q

About _ billion years ago, a cloud if gas and dust collapsed to form our solar system.

A

5

35
Q

In what direction are nearly all galaxies moving relative to Earth?

A

Away from Earth.

36
Q

The Hubble Space Telescope is a _________ telescope

A

Reflecting

37
Q

The most common chemical element in a star is ________

A

Hydrogen

38
Q

A telescope that uses mirrors instead of an objective lens.

A

Reflecting Telescope.

39
Q

A star is born when ______ ______ stars.

A

Nuclear fusion.

40
Q

The length of a stars life depends on its ____

A

Mass

41
Q

What happens when a star runs out of fuel?

A

It becomes a white dwarf, neutron star, or black hole.

42
Q

How can astronomers use a spectrograph to get information about stars?

A

Chemical compositions and temperature.

43
Q

Describe the process by which the sun was formed.

A

Contracting gas and dust ➡ Proto Star ➡ Nuclear Fusion occurs

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