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Chemistry > Atomic structure > Flashcards

Atomic structure Flashcards

1
Q

what is all matter made out of?

A

particles called atoms

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2
Q

what are atoms made out of?

A

even simpler sub atomic particles

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3
Q

what are the subatomic particles called?

A

protons electrons and neutrons

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4
Q

what is inside of the nucleus?

A

positive protons and neutral neutrons

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5
Q

what charge is a neutron?

A

neutral

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6
Q

what charge is an electron?

A

negative

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7
Q

what charge is a proton?

A

positive

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8
Q

what surrounds the nucleus?

…… shells

A

electron shells

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9
Q

what is the nucleus surrounded by?

A

electrons

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10
Q

what are other words for electron shells?

A

energy levels
shells
layers

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11
Q

what is the relative mass of a proton?

A

1

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12
Q

what is the relative mass of a neutron?

A

1

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13
Q

what is the relative mass of an electron?

A

almost 0 (0.0005)

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14
Q

what is the top number of a nuclear symbol called?

A

mass number

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15
Q

what is the bottom number of a nuclear symbol called?

A

atomic number

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16
Q

what is the mass number?

A

the number of protons and neutrons in a nucleus

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17
Q

what is the atomic number?

A

the number of protons in a nucleus

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18
Q

how do you work out the number of neutrons?

think like a mathematician

A

mass number - atomic number

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19
Q

what is a nuclear symbol?

A

a box on the periodic table

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20
Q

how do you work out the number of electrons in an atom?

A

same as protons

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21
Q

what is relative atomic mass? (RAM)

A

Mass number

22
Q

define RAM?

A

The average value that takes into account the abundance of the isotopes of the element

23
Q

isotope definition?

A

chemical element that has a different number of neutrons

24
Q

how do you know what group an element is in by looking at the atomic structure?

A

look at the outer shell and count how many x there are

25
Q

What is the centre of the atom called

A

nucleus

26
Q

There are types of particles in the centre of the atom, what are these ?

A

proton and neutrons

27
Q

which two particles have the same mass

A

protons and neutrons

28
Q

what is the mass number of an atom

A

number of protons and neutrons

29
Q

Newland’s and Mendeleev’s periodic table show elements in order of their, what?

A

atomic weight

30
Q

the modern periodic table shows the elements in order of their, what ?

A

proton number

31
Q

Group 1 are known as alkali metals. They have:

A
  • one electron in their outer shell
  • have low melting and boiling points that decrease down the group
  • become more reactive down the group
    as the outer shell is lost more easily
32
Q

When alklai metals react with water , what is formed?

A

a metal hydroxide and hydrogen gas is given off

33
Q

Lithium, sodium and potassium are all in group 1 of the periodic table, Explain why?

A

They all have one shell in their outer shell, this is because the outer electron gets further away, so can be lost easily
- they all have low melting and boiling points that decrease down the group
become more reactive down the group

34
Q

When a chemical structure occurs, what is made ?

A

A new substance is made but atoms are not created or destroyed They are just rearranged

35
Q

What does this word equation represent ?

Iron + oxygen => iron oxide

A

A chemical reaction between iron and oxygen where rust (iron oxide) is produced

36
Q

Magnesium ( a grey metal) can be burned in air to produce magnesium oxide ( a white powder) Which is the correct word equation for the reaction that happens ?

A

Magnesium + oxygen -> magnesium oxide

37
Q

What is the official name for H2O

A

Dihydrogen Monoxide

38
Q

The substance at the beginning of a chemical reaction are called

A

Reactants

39
Q

The substance at the end of a chemical reaction are called

A

Products

40
Q

Why is the following equation not balanced

H2 + O2-> H2O

A

Each side of the equation has a different number of oxygen atoms

41
Q

What does a coefficients tell us in a chemical equation ?

A

How many molecules are present

42
Q

The modern periodic table if elements is arranged by ….

A

Atomic number

43
Q

Chlorine is a reactive non metal with two common isotopes : chlorine 37 and chlorine 35

Which group does chlorine belong to in the periodic table

A

Group 7 Halogens

less reactive as you go down the group

44
Q

Define a mixture

A

Elements not chemically joined together

45
Q

Explain why water cannot be compressed

A

Because it’s a liquid particles are all close together

46
Q

Why is the total mass of the reactants in a chemical reaction always equal to the total mass of the product

A

Atoms not made or destroyed

47
Q

Suggest a technique that could be used to separate the components of a food coloring used in cupcake icing

A

Chromatography

48
Q

Which group do alkali metals belong to in the periodic table

A

Group 1

The outer shell is further away from the nucleus so lost more easily

49
Q

Why do the alkali metals have to be stored in oil

A

Because they react with water / oxygen

50
Q

The vertical columns in a periodic table are called

A

groups

51
Q

Describe an isotope

A

Isotopes are atoms of an element with different numbers of neutrons

52
Q

What is an atom

A

An atom is the smallest part of an element what can exist

Chemistry (2 decks)

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