ATOMIC STRUCTURE AND BONDING 2

Question 1

How are the electrons in an atom arranged?

Answer 1

in shells floating around the atom’s nucleus

Question 2

How many electrons can fit in each shell of an atom?

Answer 2

1st shell: 2 electrons
2nd shell: 8 electrons
3rd shell: 8 electrons (technically 18 electrons)

Question 3

The first shell is the closest to the nucleus so does it have a high or low energy level?

Answer 3

The lowest energy level

Question 4

What is another name for the electrons in the outer-most shell?

Answer 4

valency electrons

Question 5

How do the atoms in an ionic bond complete their valency shell?

Answer 5

Electrons are transferred from atom to atom during the chemical reaction.

Question 6

How do the atoms in a covalent bond complete their valency shell?

Answer 6

Electrons are shared from atom to atom during the chemical reaction.

Question 7

What are the two basic types of atoms?

Answer 7

metal and non-metal

Question 8

What type of atoms are found in ionic bonds?

Answer 8

metal and non-metal

Question 9

What type of atoms are found in covalent bonds?

Answer 9

at least 2 different non-metal atoms

Question 10

What type of atoms are found in metallic bonds?

Answer 10

ONLY ONE TYPE OF METAL ATOM

Question 11

How does a metallic bond work?

Answer 11

A lattice of positively charged ions in a mobile “sea” of negatively charged electrons (the ions originally valency electrons)

Question 12

What is the lattice (pattern) in an ionic bond?

Answer 12

a regular alternating lattice (pattern) of positive and negative ions

Question 13

Name the 4 main properties present in ionic bonds.

Answer 13

1) High melting and boiling points
2) Usually soluble in water
3) Solid at room temperature
4) Conducts electricity when dissolved or melted

Question 14

Why do ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points?

Answer 14

The strong electronic intra-molecular forces between the positive and negative ions

Question 15

Why are ionic compounds usually soluble in water?

Answer 15

1) The water molecules can separate the ions from each other
2) The water molecules can sometimes bond with the ions

Question 16

Why are ionic compounds electrically conductive when dissolved or melted

Answer 16

When melted or dissolved in water, the ions are free to move. Since they are charged, they can then conduct electricity

Question 17

What’s an allotrope?

Answer 17

When an element can exist in more than one physical form in the same state and all the different states are all called an allotrope

Question 18

What’s the difference between intermolecular forces and intramolecular forces?

Answer 18

Intramolecular forces are the forces between the atoms while intermolecular forces are the forces between the molecules

Question 19

Are the intermolecular and intramolecular forces in a covalent compound strong or weak?

Answer 19

Intramolecular are strong but intermolecular forces are weak

Question 20

Are the intermolecular and intramolecular forces in an ionic compound strong or weak?

Answer 20

molecular and intermolecular forces are both strong