Atomic structure and the periodic table

Question 1

what are all substances made from

Answer 1

atoms

Question 2

what does a compound contain

Answer 2

atoms of two or more elements

Question 3

what is filtration used for

Answer 3

separate liquids from insoluble solids

Question 4

what is crystallisation used for

Answer 4

used to obtain a soluble solid from a solution

Question 5

what do mixtures contain

Answer 5

two or more elements or compounds which are not chemically combined

Question 6

what is fractional distillation used for

Answer 6

used to separate mixtures which have different bolting points

Question 7

scientific model 1st discovery

Answer 7

thomson - he discovered electrons. He thought that atoms contained negative electrons which surrounded a sea of positive charge. Plum pudding model

Question 8

scientific model 2nd discovery

Answer 8

Geigner and Marsden - carried out the experiment where they bombarded a sheet of gold with alpha particles. And some particles were deflected back

Question 9

scientific model 3rd discovery

Answer 9

Rutherford looked at the reults and concluded that the positive charge of the atom was small and concentrated (nucleus) And this new nuclear model replaced the plum pudding model

Question 10

scientific model 4th discovery

Answer 10

Bohr - he said that the electrons orbited the nucleus at specific distances

Question 11

scientific model 5th discovery

Answer 11

Chadwick - he provided evidence that there are neutrons within the nucleus

Question 12

scientific model 6th discovery

Answer 12

later experiments led to the positive charge could be subdivided into small particles called protons

Question 13

what’s the mass and charge of a proton

Answer 13

mass - 1
charge - +1

Question 14

what’s the mass and charge of a neutron

Answer 14

mass - 1
charge - 0

Question 15

what’s the mass and charge of an electron

Answer 15

mass - very small
charge - -1

Question 16

what’s an isotope

Answer 16

There have the same number of protons and neutrons but have e a different number of neutrons

Question 17

what’s an ion

Answer 17

This is where atoms gain or loose electrons causing them to become ions and have a charge

Question 18

when metals loose electrons they become

Answer 18

positive ions

Question 19

when non metals gain electrons they become

Answer 19

negative ions

Question 20

how many elements were present when the periodic table was first put together

Answer 20

63

Question 21

what was the periodic table first ordered in

Answer 21

atomic weight

Question 22

what did Mendeleev realise

Answer 22

there were elements yet to be discovered so he left gaps in the periodic table for them

Question 23

how did Mendeleev order the elements

Answer 23

he put the elements in groups with similar properties

Question 24

what was realised about the ordering of the elements from Mendeleev

Answer 24

he ordered the by atomic number (number of protons) before subatomic particles were discovered

Question 25

What are the noble gasses

Answer 25

these are elements that have a full outer shell

Question 26

boiling points of noble gasses

Answer 26

the boiling points increase down the group

Question 27

are the noble gasses reactive

Answer 27

highly un reactive due to the full outer shell

Question 28

what are the alkali metals

Answer 28

these are metals that have 1 electron in the outer shell

Question 29

what’s the boiling point of the alkali metals

Answer 29

the boiling points decrease down the group, the melting points are very low

Question 30

are the alkali metals reactive

Answer 30

yes, they are stored in oil because they vigorously react with water and oxygen

Question 31

when alkali metas react with water what is formed

Answer 31

metal hydroxide and hydrogen

Question 33

describe the density of the alkali metals

Answer 33

they have a very low density and float on water

Question 34

what happens when a metal hydroxide is dissolved in water

Answer 34

an alkaline solution is produced

Question 35

when alkali metals react with non metals what is formed

Answer 35

an ionic bond

Question 36

what are the halogens

Answer 36

these are non metals that have 7 electrons on their outer shell

Question 37

what’s the boiling point of the halogens

Answer 37

boiling points decrease down the group

Question 38

what’s the reactivity of the halogens

Answer 38

the reactivity increases down the group

Question 39

what happens when halogens react with metals

Answer 39

ionic salts are formed

Question 40

what are the transition metals

Answer 40

these are at the centre of the periodic table between group 2 and 3, and they have ions with different charges

Question 41

what can transition metals be used for

Answer 41

cataylists

Question 42

what’s the conductivity of the transition metals

Answer 42

they are good conductors of heat and electricity