Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table

Question 1

Atoms

Answer 1

There are protons and neutrons in the nucleus
Moving around the nucleus are electron shells. They are negatively charged

Question 2

sub-atomic particles:proton

Answer 2

Protons have a relative mass of 1 and a charge of +1

Question 3

sub-atomic particles:neutron

Answer 3

Neutrons have a relative mass of 1 and a charge of 0

Question 4

sub-atomic particles:electron

Answer 4

Electrons have a very small relative mass and a charge of -1

Question 5

Charge of atoms

Answer 5

Overall atoms have no charge, they have the same number of protons as electrons. An ion is a charged particle- does not have an equal number of protons to electrons.

Question 6

Relative atomic mass

Answer 6

relative atomic mass(Ar)= sum of(isotope abundance X isotope mass number)
sum of abundances of all isotopes

Question 7

Elements

Answer 7

Elements are made of atoms with the same atomic number. Atoms can be represented as symbols
N= nitrogen F=fluorine Zn=zinc Ca=calcium

Question 8

Isotopes

Answer 8

Same proton different neutron
Held together by chemical bonds which are difficult to break

Question 9

Mixtures

Answer 9

In a mixture there are no chemical binds, so the elements are easy to separate

Question 10

Evaporation

Answer 10

To separate a soluble salt from a solution: a quick way of separating salts

Question 11

Crystallisation

Answer 11

To separate a soluble from a salt from a solution: a slower method of separating salts

Question 12

Separating salt from rock salt

Answer 12

Grind the mixture of rock salt
Add water and stir
Filter the mixture, leaving the sand in the filter paper
Evaporate the water from the salt, leaving the crystals

Question 13

Distillation

Answer 13

To separate out mixture of liquids.
1. simple distillation- separating a liquid from a solution
2. Fractional distillation- separating put a mixture of liquids. Fractional distillation can be used to separate out crude into fractions

Question 14

Metals and non-metals

Answer 14

Metals are found at the left part of the periodic table
Non-metals are at the right of the periodic table

Question 15

Metals

Answer 15

Sre strong, malleable, good conductors of electricity. They bond metallically

Question 16

Non-metals

Answer 16

Are dull, brittle, and not always solid at room temperature