Atomic Structure And The Periodic Table

Question 1

Describe the structure of the atom

Answer 1

Neutrons and protons are found in the centre of the atom, known as the nucleus. Electrons orbit the nucleus in a series of energy shells, at a very high speed

Question 2

What are the relative charges and relative masses of electrons, protons and neutrons

Answer 2

Electrons - nelglible, -1
Protons - 1 mass unit, +1
Neutrons - 1 mass unit, 0

Question 3

What is proton number (atomic number)

Answer 3

The smaller number represented on the periodic table

Question 4

What is the mass number (nucleon number)

Answer 4

The larger number represented on the periodic table

Question 5

How do you determine the electronic configuration of elements

Answer 5

The first energy shell is closest to the nucleus; it can hold maximum of two electrons

The second energy shell can hold a maximum of eight electrons
And it goes on

Question 6

What are noble gases

Answer 6

Elements from Group VIII of the Periodic Table. They are unreactive as their outer shells are full of electrons

Question 7

What are isotopes

Answer 7

Atoms of the same element so they have the same proton number but with different numbers of neutrons

Question 8

What are ions

Answer 8

An electrically charged particle formed when an atom either loses or gains electrons

Question 9

How do you calculate the relative atomic mass of an isotope

Answer 9

Isotope mass X isotope abundance / 100

Question 10

Describe group 1 of the periodic table

Answer 10

Group 1 is the alkali metals

These metals are relatively soft; possible to cut and the surface will appear shiny but will quickly tarnish

Question 11

Describe the density of group 1

Answer 11

Lithium, sodium and potassium are less dense than water, so they float on water when reacting with it

Question 12

Describe the melting point of group 1

Answer 12

The pattern going down the group is for the melting point to decrease

Question 13

Describe groups 1 reaction with water

Answer 13

Metals react vigorously with water to produce a metal hydroxide and hydrogen gas

The reaction with water becomes more vigorous as you go down the group

Question 14

What would be produced when lithium reacts with water

Answer 14

Hydrogen gas and effervescence

Question 15

What would be produced if sodium reacted with water

Answer 15

Vigorous
More heat is given out
Effervescence
Hydrogen gas

Question 16

What would be produced if potassium reacted with water

Answer 16

Enough heat to ignite the hydrogen gas produced
Flame is a lilac colour
Vigorous

Question 17

Describe group VII of the periodic table

Answer 17

They are called halogens because when these elements react with metals, they produce different ranges of salt

Question 18

Describe group VII density

Answer 18

Differences in density can be seen in the states the halogens are found in

The trend down the group is for increasing density

Question 19

Describe the reactivity of group VII

Answer 19

The reactivity of halogens decreases going down the group

Question 20

What are the appearances of group VII in room temperature

Answer 20

Chlorine - pale yellow green gas
Bromine - red brown liquid
Iodine - grey black solid

Question 21

What are transition metals

Answer 21

The transition elements are not very reactive and so do not react rapidly with either air or water

Some of the transition metals are very stable and hardly react at all

Question 22

Describe transition metals densities

Answer 22

Transition metals have higher densities and range from high to very very high

Question 23

Describe transitions metals melting point

Answer 23

Transition metals have a very high melting point and it ranges from high to very high

Question 24

Describe transition metals reactivity

Answer 24

The transition metals are not very reactive and so do not react rapidly with either air or water

Question 25

Describe transition metals having ions with variable oxidation numbers

Answer 25

Some transition metals have variable oxidation numbers, also known as oxidation state

This means that they can form different ions by ionizing a different number of electrons

Question 26

What is group VIII

Answer 26

Noble gases

Noble gases are unreactive as their outer shell of electrons

Question 27

What are monatomic gases

Answer 27

An element that exists as a single atom