Atomic Structure And The Periodic Table Flashcards
How to test for carbonate ions
Add some acid to sample. If gas is given of, collect it and bubble through lime water. If it tests positive for CO2 then it’s a carbonate
How to test for halide ions
Add some nitric acid and then silver nitrate and shake. Then add ammonia solution, if ppt stays, then it’s a halide ion. Chloride is is white, bromide is cream, iodide is yellow
Sulfate ion test
Add barium chloride and then hcl, if there is a ppt in colourless solution, then there are sulfate ions
Nitrate ion test
Add sodium hydroxide and then some aluminium powder. Then place in hot water bath and some damp red litmus over the mouth. If the litmus turned blue, then there are nitrate ions
What is ram
The weighted mean mass of an atom of an element compared to 1 twelfth the mass of a carbon12 atom.
How is mass spectrometry done
Sample is vaporised to separate atoms or molecules. Particles are then charged. This is done by shooting electrons at them which causes electrons to leave the atoms to form positive ions. Electric field then accelerates the ions and are then deflected according to their mass and charge. Ion detector then responds to ions based on their mass/charge ratio and is recorded as a peak in the graph. Height of peak corresponds to relative abundance of isotope.
What is relative formula mass
The average mass of a formula unit compared to 1 tweltj the mass of carbon12. Used for giant structures such as ionic compounds like NaCl who are endlessly big, so formula mass is 23+35.5=58.5
