Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table.

Question 1

All substances are made of what?

Answer 1

Atoms

Question 2

Atoms are made up of what subatomic particles?

Answer 2

Protons, neutrons and electrons.

Question 3

Atoms have a radius of about what?

Answer 3

0.1 nanometres

Question 4

Whats in the middle of an atom and what is it made of? What charge does it have? What else is special about it?

Answer 4

The nucleus is the middle of an atom and its made up of the subatomic particles protons and neutrons. It has a positive charge because of the protons. The mass of an atom is concentrated in the nucleus.

Question 5

Name some features of electrons.

Answer 5

They move around the nucleus of an atom in electron shells. They are negatively charged and tiny but cover a lot of space. Electrons have an insignificant mass.

Question 6

What is a neutrons charge?

Answer 6

0

Question 7

How many electrons are in an atom?

Answer 7

there are the same number of electrons and protons in an atom.

Question 8

What charge do atoms have?

Answer 8

neutral because they have the same number of protons and electrons.

Question 9

What is an atom called that has an overly positive or negative charge?

Answer 9

An ion.

Question 10

What is an overly positive ion called and why is it like that and explain the same things for an overly negative ion.

Answer 10

A positive ion is called a cation and it has an overly positive charge because it has moe protons than electrons. A negative ion is known as a anion because it has and overly negative charge because it has more electrons than protons.

Question 11

What does the nuclear symbol of an atom tell you?

Answer 11

It tells you the elements atomic number and atomic mass.

Question 12

The atomic number tells you what?

Answer 12

How many protons there are, therefore you also know how many electrons there are.

Question 13

The atomic mass tells you what?

Answer 13

The total number of protons and neutrons added together.

Question 14

Isotopes of elements are called this because?

Answer 14

They are a variation an atom. They have the same number of protons so its the same element, just a different number of neutrons.

Question 15

What do the number of protons decide?

Answer 15

What type of atom it is, aka its element.

For example one proton means the element is hydrogen, but two means its helium.

Question 16

If a substance contains atoms with the same number of protons only in it, then what is it?

Answer 16

An element.

Question 17

Elements are represented by?

Answer 17

symbols.

Question 18

Give the definition of an isotope.

Answer 18

Different forms of the same element, which have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons.

Question 19

Talk about an isotopes mass and atomic number.

Answer 19

An isotopes atomic number is the same but its mass number is different.

Question 20

Why do we have the relative atomic mass?

Answer 20

Due to elements being able to exist as a number of different isotopes the relative atomic mass (Ar) is used instead of a mass number when referring to the element as a whole. The relative atomic mass is an average mass taking into account the different masses and abundances of all the isotopes that make up the element.

Question 21

State the formula used to work out the relative atomic mass of an element.

Answer 21

relative atomic mass (Ar)=
sum of (isotope abundance x isotope mass number)
—————————————————————————-
sum of a abundances of all the isotopes

Question 22

Copper has two stable isotopes, Cu-63 has an abundance of 69.2% and Cu-65 has an abundance of 30.8%. Calculate the relative atomic mass of copper to one decimal place.

Answer 22

Relative atomic mass=

(69. 2 x 63) + (30.8 x 65)
- ———————————- =
69. 2 + 30.8

4359.6 + 2002
———————– =
100

6361.6
———- =
100

63.616 = 63.6

Question 23

When elements react, atoms combine with other atoms to make what?

Answer 23

Compounds

Question 24

Compounds are?

Answer 24

Two or more substances that are chemically bonded.

Question 25

In chemical reactions, when bonds are being made to form compounds, what happens?

Answer 25

Making bonds involves atoms giving away, taking or sharing electrons.

Question 26

How easy is it to separate a compound to the original elements and how do you do this?

Answer 26

Its usually difficult to and a chemical reaction is needed to do so.

Question 27

What happens during a chemical reaction?

Answer 27

At least one new substance is usually made. There is also usually a transfer of some energy such as a temperature change.

Question 28

Describe ionic bonding.

Answer 28

This is when metals and non metals form a compound consisting of ions. The metal atoms lose electrons to form positive ions (cations) and the non-metal atoms gain electrons to form negative ions (anions). The opposite charges mean they’re strongly attracted to each other. A substance thats ionically bonded would be sodium chloride which each have a charge of 1+ or 1-.

Question 29

O
I
L
R
I
G
What does this stand for?

Answer 29

Oxidation 
Is
Loss of electrons
Reduction 
Is
Gaining electrons