Atoms and Bonding

Question 1

Define isotopes

Answer 1

Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons and different masses

Question 2

Define Ion

Answer 2

An electrically charged particle formed by the loss or gain of an electron

Question 3

Describe the mass number

Answer 3

Integer, one specific atom, how many neutrons

Question 4

Describe RAM

Answer 4

Might not be, average, how much stuff

Question 5

Describe Mass Spectrometer

Answer 5

Ionisation, acceleration, deflection, detection

Question 6

Define atomic number

Answer 6

Number of protons in an atom or an ino

Question 7

Define mass number

Answer 7

Number of protons and neutrons in an atom

Question 8

Define Relative isotopic mass

Answer 8

Mass of an isotope compared to 1/12th of the mass of a C12

Question 9

Define Relative Atomic Mass

Answer 9

Weighted mean mass of an atom of an element compared with 1/12th of the mass of a C12 atom

Question 10

How do you work out RAM?

Answer 10

Ar x percentage all over 100

Question 11

Define orbital

Answer 11

area around the nucleus with 2 electrons with opposite spin

Question 12

Whats the shape of the orbitals?

Answer 12

S = sphere, P = figure of eight D = Dumbell

Question 13

Define ionic bonding

Answer 13

The electrostatic attraction between positive and negative ions

Question 14

What are the physical properties of ionc bonding

Answer 14

Strong electrostatic attractions between the ions in a lattice, high BP, Mobile charge carriers when molten

Question 15

Define covalent bonding

Answer 15

Electrostatic attraction between a shared pair of electrons and a nuclei of the bonded atoms

Question 16

Define lone pair

Answer 16

An outer shell pair of electrons that aren’t involved in bonding

Question 17

Define datative bond

Answer 17

A bond in which two atoms share a pair of electrons but one atom provides both electrons

Question 18

What are the shapes of molecules?

Answer 18

Trig Planar - 120
Tetrahedral - 109.5
Trig Bipyramidal - 120 and 90
Octahedral - 60

Question 19

What are the shapes of molecules with lone pairs?

Answer 19

1 lone pair - pyramidal - 107

2 lone pairs - angular 104.5

Question 20

Define electronegativity

Answer 20

Relative ability of an atom to attract the bonding electrons in a covalent bond

Question 21

What does the difference in electronegativity makes?

Answer 21

Small = polar covalent
No = non polar
Large= ionic

Question 22

If symmetrical is it polar?

Answer 22

No

Question 23

Whats permanent dipole - dipole?

Answer 23

weak intermolecular forces between permanent dipoles in polar molecules

Question 24

Whats induced dipole - dipole?

Answer 24

Weakest of the forces and act between all molecules, more electrons = greater force

Question 25

Explain induced dipole dipole?

Answer 25

Movement of electrons generate instantaneous dipole which induces another dipole in a neighbouring atom and the attraction between the temporary induced dipoles result in dipole dipole interactions

Question 26

Whats hydrogen bonds?

Answer 26

Bonded to nitrogen, oxygen or fluorine.

Strongest dipole dipole interactions.

Question 27

Describe the physical properties of simple covalent molecules

Answer 27

Weak intermolecular forces but strong covalent bonds, low BP, poor conditions