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Biology Unit 1 > Atoms molecules and life > Flashcards

Atoms molecules and life Flashcards

1
Q

A combination of atoms

A

Molecule

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2
Q

What is needed in an experiment to provide a comparison with the experimental results obtained when changing the variable

A

Control

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3
Q

A factor in a scientific experimental that is deliberately manipulated in order to test a hypothesis

A

Variable

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4
Q

These organisms acquire their energy through photosynthesis

A

Autotrophs

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5
Q

Organisms that capture and store solar energy

A

Photosynthesis

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6
Q

Relays on the bodies of other organism

A

Hetotroph

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7
Q

The number of protons and electrons in the nuclei of all atoms a particular element

A

Atomic number

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8
Q

The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom

A

Atomic mass number

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9
Q

A charged atom or molecule ;an atom or molecule that has either an excess of electrons (is negatively charged) or has lost electrons (is positively charged)

A

Ion

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10
Q

The smallest particle of an element that retains the properties of the element

A

Atom

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11
Q

A chemical bond formed by the electrical attraction between positively and negatively charged ions

A

Ionic bond

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12
Q

A chemical bond between atoms in which electrons are shared

A

Covalent bond

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13
Q

The weak attraction between a hydrogen atom that bears a partial positive charge (due to polar covalent bonding with another atom) and another atom (oxygen, nitrogen, or fluorine )that bears a partial negative charge; hydrogen bonds may form between atoms of a single molecule or of different molecules

A

Hydrogen bond

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14
Q

A substance that releases hydrogen ions into; a solution with a pH less than 7

A

Acid

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15
Q

One of the nitrogen-containing, single-or double-ringed structures that distinguishes one nucleotide from another.In DNA, the bases are adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine

A

Base

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16
Q

A scale, with values from 0 to 14, used for measuring the relative acidity of a solution; at pH 7 a solution is neutral, pH 0 to 7 is acidic, and pH 7 to 14 is basic; each unit on the scale represent a tenfold charge in concentration

A

pH scale

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17
Q

Describing any molecule that does not contain both carbon and hydrogen

A

Inorganic

18
Q

Describing a molecule that contains both carbon and hydrogen

A

Organic

19
Q

A compound composed of carbon, hydrogen, with the approximate chemical formula includes sugars, starches, and cellulose

A

Carbohydrates

20
Q

A chemical reaction in which two molecules are joined by a covalent bond with the simultaneous removal of a hydrogen from one molecule and a hydroxyl group from the other, forming water; the reverse of hydrolysis

A

Dehydration synthesis

21
Q

The chemical reaction that breaks a covalent bond by means of the addition of hydrogen to the atom on one side of the original bond and a hydroxyl group to the atom on the other side; the reverse of dehydration synthesis

A

Hydrolysis

22
Q

One of a number of organic molecules containing large non polar regions composed solely of carbon and hydrogen, which make lipids hydrophobic and insoluble in water; includes, oils, fats, waxes, phospholipids, and steroids

A

Lipid

23
Q

The basic molecular unit of almost all carbohydrates, normally composed of a chain of carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen and hydroxyl groups

A

Monosaccharide

24
Q

A carbohydrates formed by the covalent bonding of two monosaccharides

A

Disaccharide

25
Q

A large carbohydrate molecule composed of branched or unbranched chains of repeating monosaccharide subunits, normally glucose or modified glucose molecules; includes starches, cellulose, and glycogen

A

Polysaccharide

26
Q

Referring to a fatty acid with as many hydrogen atoms as possible bonded to the carbon backbone (beef)

A

Saturated

27
Q

Referring to a fatty acid with fewer than the maximum number of hydrogen atoms bonded to its carbon backbone (Oils)

A

Unsaturated

28
Q

A polymer composed of amino acids joined be peptide bones

A

Protein

29
Q

When proteins can no longer perform their biological function

A

Denatured

30
Q

Having the secondary and tertiary structure of a protein disrupted, while leaving the amino acid sequence unchanged

A

Denatured

31
Q

Monosaccharide Disaccharide Polysaccharide are subunits of which biological molecule

A

Carbohydrates

32
Q

Phosphate group, five-carbon sugar, Nitrogen-containing base are what biological molecule

A

Nuclei Acid

33
Q

what makes amino acids different

A

The R Group

34
Q

What has a central carbon bonded to a hydrogen atom, a nitrogen-containing amino, a carboxylic acid group and an “R” group

A

Amino acids

35
Q

Structural, Movement, Defense, Storage, Signaling, Catalyzing reaction are function of what biological molecule

A

Protein

36
Q

1 glycerol and 3 fatty acids equal

A

A triglycerides

37
Q 
Acquire and use materials and energy
Maintain organized complexity 
Perceive and respond to stimuli (environment)
Grow
Reproduce
Evolve 
Composed of cells
A

All living things

38
Q

The organism cell type
Whether the organism is unicelluar(single cell) or multicellular (composed of many cells)
How the organism acquires its energy

A

The chacteristics of a cell

39
Q

A constant situation in which all possible variables are held constant

A

Control group

40
Q

One factor; variable is manipulated to test the hypothesis to determine that this variable is the cause of an observation

A

Experimental group

41
Q

Is a general and reliable explanation of important natural phenomena that has been developed through extensive and reproducible observation and experiment

A

Scientific theory

Biology Unit 1 (5 decks)

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