Atp And Respiration Flashcards
ATP ase
Enzyme which catalyses the breakdown of ATP
Oxidative phosphorylation
Part of the electron transport chain. A process occurring in the mitochondria that results in the formation of ATP from the flow of electrons across the inner membrane to bind with oxygen.
Electron transport chain
A series of electron carrier molecules, found in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts and the inner membrane of mitochondria, that extract energy from electrons and generate ATP or other energetic molecules
Pyruvic acid
The three carbon compound that is produced during glycolysis and needed for both the aerobic and anaerobic pathways of cellular respiration that follow glycolysis.
Substrate level phosphorylation
The breaking of the bonds yields energy that is used to phosphorylate (adding a phosphate group to ADP) ADP to ATP
Acetyl coenzyme A
The entry compound for the Krebs cycle in cellular respiration; formed from a fragment of pyruvate attached to a coenzyme
Dehydrogenation
Chemical reaction involving the loss of a hydrogen atom. This is an oxidation that combines loss of an electron with loss of a proton
Reaction centre
Chlorophyll A molecules which convert light energy into electrical energy by bringing about electrical charge separation
Photo system 1
A light reaction in which ATP and NADPH are formed
Photosystem 2
Has P680 chlorophyll A in reaction centre complex
Photolysis
A reaction taking place in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts during light dependent reactions where two molecules of water split to form oxygen, hydrogen ions and electrons
Ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP)
Molecule that grabs and fixes carbon dioxide in the Calvin cycle
ATP synthesis (chemiosmosis)
Most ATP synthesis takes place on the internal membranes of mitochondria and chloroplasts. Protons must pass through the enzyme ATP synthetase which is found in the stalked particles of the inner membranes. This flow of protons generates an electrochemical gradient which is a source of potential energy. This drives the phosphorylation of ADP (addition of P) to form ATP
Aerobic respiration
Involves the complete breakdown of glucose and requires oxygen as the final electron acceptor. Large amounts of energy are released to produce a large number of ATP molecules.
Anaerobic respiration
Involves the incomplete breakdown of glucose in the absence of oxygen, releasing relatively little energy and making a small number of ATP molecules by substrate level phosphorylation
