ATP, Inorganic Ions & Water

Question 1

What is energy used for in cells?

Answer 1

Active transport
Protein synthesis
Mitosis
Muscle contraction

Question 2

How is energy released from ATP?

Answer 2

A hydrolysis reaction breaks the high energy bond in between the 2nd and 3rd phosphate bonds to form ADP + Pi

Question 3

What is the equation for the hydrolysis of ATP to release energy?

Answer 3

ATP + Water ⇌ ADP + Pi + Energy

Question 4

What is phosphorylation?

Answer 4

The Pi which was released from the hydrolysis of ATP is added to other compounds to make them more reactive

Question 5

What processes make ATP?

Answer 5

Respiration
Photosynthesis

Question 6

How is ATP made?

Answer 6

Condensation reaction joining ADP and Pi

Question 7

What enzyme is used in the hydrolysis of ATP?

Answer 7

ATP hydrolase

Question 8

What enzyme is used in the condensation reaction making ATP?

Answer 8

ATP synthase

Question 9

What is an inorganic ion?

Answer 9

An atom or compound which has a positive or negative charge but DOES NOT contain carbon

Question 10

What are examples of inorganic ions?

Answer 10

Iron ions
Hydrogen ions
Sodium ions
Phosphate ions

Question 11

What is the function of iron ions in the body?

Answer 11

Found in haemoglobin in red blood cells
Oxygen binds to the iron ions and is transported to respiring cells
Haemoglobin has a quaternary structure with 4 polypeptide chains each containing 1 iron ion so each haemoglobin can carry 4 oxygen molecules

Question 12

What is the function of hydrogen ions?

Answer 12

Determine pH of a solution
More hydrogen ions = more acidic solution
High or low concentrations of hydrogen ions can denature proteins
Used in photosynthesis and respiration for the formation of ATP