Atyoical Development

Question 1

What is the definition of theory of mind

Answer 1

The ability to understand our own and others mental states

The ability to predict and explain their people’s behaviour on the basis of lentils states - empathy, deception.

Question 2

What are the main theoretical assumptions of Tom?

Answer 2

Called a theory because it resembles in that we make hypotheses and predictions of other people’s behaviour

Question 3

Explain the first study of Tom by winner and perner 1983.

Answer 3

Basic version of a ball ...
Sally plays with ball, puts in basket 
Leaves room
Anne moves ball to box
Where will sally look?

Question 4

Baron-Cohen et al 1985 - anti they conclude about autism and theory of mind?

Answer 4

Tom is impaired in autism and independent from iq and language

Question 5

What are the triad of impairments by wing and Gould 1979?

Answer 5

1) social interaction difficulty: eye contact, joint attention and emotional reciprocity
2) restricted imagination and repetitive behaviours and restricted interests: lack of repetitive pretend play, routines.
3) language and communication impairment: tend to communicate own needs, one sided conversations, pronoun reversal.

Question 6

Joint attention!

What is meant by protodeclaratives?

Answer 6

Showing behaviours very rare

Question 7

Joint attention!!

What is meant by protoimperatives?

Answer 7

Requests made by means of non-verbal communication appear usually without eye-contact and without pointing gestures

Question 8

To display joint attention it is necessary to understand ….

Answer 8

Attentional states

Question 9

What did Leslie 1987 suggest about symbolic play?

Answer 9

Individualist with autism fail to produce present play of if they do is stereotyped and repetitive

Pretend play is a reflection of the ability to put representations on hold
•pretend play, the banana is a telephone
• dally thinks the ball is in the basket

Question 10

Development of Tom

What are he three stages?

Answer 10

Understanding false beliefs (4 years) baron-Cohen 1985

Pretend play (2 years) Leslie 1987

Joint attention (1year) leekam et al 2000

Question 11

What is the modular snapshot child?

Answer 11

• development occurs in domain specific modules
• madness range from recognising faces to learning language to gravity and gaze direction etc.
• development can be studied by testing the level of each of these modules at any particular point in time - this a snapshot approach to development.

Question 12

The developmental perspective - what did karmiloff-smith 1998 suggest about the key to developmental disorders is development itself.

Answer 12

• slight differences in early biases can lead to different developmental trajectories
• these differences will impact not on one aspect of development but it will have knock on effects in other abilities
• it is important therefore to study how developmental disorders develop not just the end product in order to understand which are e core impairments

Question 13

What did Annaz 2009 find about face recognition across syndromes?

Answer 13

No major differences between high and low functioning autism at 80 months but significant differences at 130 months