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Neuroscience exam 3 > Auditory > Flashcards

Auditory Flashcards

1
Q

function of auditory

A

Communicate & interact with environment

Differentiate meaningful information from background noise

Responds to novel stimuli

Orient & respond to auditory information

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2
Q

Hearing range

A

50 - 1600 Hz

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3
Q

Speech range

A

100 - 8,000 Hz

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4
Q

Intensity

A

conversation = 50 db
painful = 120-130 db
permanent damage = <150

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5
Q

pinna

A

determines direction of sound

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6
Q

damage to pinna

A

monaural localization

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7
Q

Conduction deafness

A

no (or altered) transformation of sound to tympanic membrane

damage to pinna

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8
Q

causes of conduction deafness

A 
otitis externa 
excessive cerumen (wax)
trauma to tympanic membrane
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9
Q

ossicles

A

transmit pressure wave to inner ear

reduce magnitude of tympanic membrane movement

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10
Q

muscles that control ossicle chain

A

tensor tympani (trig. motor nu)

stapedius (facial n)

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11
Q

what automatically activates when exposed to loud noise?

A

ossicles

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12
Q

otosclerosis

A

fixation of stapes on oval window

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13
Q

otis media

A

inflammation of middle ear (has pus)

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14
Q

fractures of temporal bone

A 
direct = damage to ossicles 
indirect = bleeding in middle ear
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15
Q

fluid of scala vestibula & tympani

A

perilymph

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16
Q

fluid of scala media

A

endolymph (helps with depolarization)

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17
Q

cochlea

A

frequency filter to separate and analyze individual frequencies from complex sounds

18
Q

Tonotopic Mapping

A

high tone = point close to cochlea

Low tone = distal

19
Q

frequency theory

A

hair cells being turned on and off at different frequency

20
Q

place theory

A

hair cells more responsive to higher frequency at the beginning

21
Q

Sensorineural deafness

A

damage to cochlea or cochlear root of VIII

22
Q

Webber Test

A

sensorineural deafness = perceive sound in OPPOSITE ear

conduction deafness = perceive sound in ear on side of damage

23
Q

Rinne Test

A

negative = sound is perceived by bone conduction NOT by air conduction

positive = sound is perceived by air conduction NOT by bone conduction

24
Q

unilateral damage to cochlear nerve or nucleus causes

A

monaural deafness

25
Q

unilateral damage at or above superior olivary complex =

A

NO monaural deafness

26
Q

Primary Auditory Cortex

A

Area 41

27
Q

lesion to Primary Auditory Cortex

A

impaired sound localization in space

decrease hearing contralaterally

28
Q

Secondary Auditory Cortex

A

Area 42

29
Q

Area 39 & 40

A

reading & writing

30
Q

Area 22

A

Wernicke
speech receptive area
Larger on Left

31
Q

Auditory or Wernicke aphasia

A

comprehension of speed sounds is impaired

occlusion of MCA

32
Q

Area 44 & 45

A

expressive speech & language

33
Q

arcuate fasciculus

A

connects primary & secondary association areas

34
Q

Broca aphasia

A

cant produce speech

35
Q

what alters perception of sound

A

central lesions
pontine auditory hallucinosis
temporal lobe seizures or temporal lobe lesions

(you think you are hearing something when you aren’t)

36
Q

cochlear nucleus damage

A

deafness on affected side

37
Q

central deafness

A

damage to pathway from cochlea nucleu to auditory ctx

38
Q

Descending Auditory pathway

A
  1. auditory cortex
  2. MGN
  3. Inferior Colliculus
  4. Olivary Complex
  5. Cochlea
39
Q

middle ear reflex

A

involuntary muscle contractio nof middle ear in response to high-intensity sound

40
Q

Acoustic Startle, Orientation, Attention

A

response to loud noise

head, eyes, and body move to sound

41
Q

what neurons are involved in Acoustic Startle, Orientation, Attention

A

reticulospinal neurons

Neuroscience exam 3 (4 decks)

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