Autoimmunity Flashcards
4 methods of infection induced autoimmunity
- molecular mimicry
- epitope spreading
- bystander activation
- cryptic antigens
Molecular mimicry
self and non-self peptide similarities result in activation of reaction against self peptides
Epitope spreading
Immune response against an initial protein spreads to other “subdominant” ones in the area. Usually in a persistent infection
Bystander Activation
lots of immune stimulants released during an infection induce other lymphocytes (not specific to the infection) to attack host cells
Cryptic antigens
antigens that previously have not been seen, suddenly revealed (ex: CD233 on RBCs)
Endocrine autoimmune diseases
autoimmune thyroiditis, insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, hyperthyroidism, lymphocytic pancreatitis
autoimmune eye diseases
equine recurrent uveitis (molecular mimicry), uveodermatological syndrome (depigmentation, similar to Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada)
Skin autoimmunity
Blistering diseases: pemphigus complex (above basement membrane), basement membrane or below (bullous pemphigoid)
Autoimmune muscle diseases
Myasthenia gravis (AChR), polymyositis (systemic immune mediated inflammatory disorder)
Autoimmune neuro disorders
Canine polyneuritis (coonhound paralysis): due to raccoon saliva, attacks peripheral nerve glycolipids
Equine polyneuritis: cause unclear, rare, antibodies against peripheral myelin
Steroid-responsive meningitis-arteritis: sterile inflammation of the meningeal arteries and cervical meningitis
Canine necrotizing meningoencephalitis: two types, differentiated by affected cells
Sjogren’s syndrome
attacks salivary and lacrimal glands. keratoconjunctivitis, dry mouth. often associated with other systemic autoimmune diseases
Lupus
Systemic autoimmune disease - ANAs important. Associated with increased IFN-alpha, TLR7 and 9, UV radiation, confusion of bacterial and host DNA
Erosive polyarthritis
ex: rheumatoid arthritis. Th17 and IL-17 involved as well as rheumatoid factor. erodes bone and cartilage
