Automated and emerging technologies Flashcards
Automated Systems meaning
a system that uses sensors, a microprocessor and actuators that respond to changes in the environment without human intervention.
Sensors function
to detect changes in environment and convert them into electrical signals that can be processed by a microprocessor
Function of microprocessor
to analyse the electrical signals from sensors and make decisions based on pre-programmed logic
Actuators function
receive signals from the microprocessor and perform actions
Robotics
a branch of Computer Science that incorporates the design, construction and operation of robots
Advantages of Robots:
Increased Productivity: can work continuously without breaks
Consistency and accuracy: can perform tasks with a high level of precision and accuracy
Safety: robots perform dangerous/hazardous tasks for humans
Cost effective: reduce labour costs
Disadvantages of robots:
High initial investment: purchasing and setting them up can be expensive
Maintenance costs: robots require regular maintenance and repairs, add to overall cost.
Lack of flexibility: robots programmed for specific tasks and cannot adapt easily to new situations or tasks
Increases Unemployment: leads to job loss in certain industries.
Artificial Intelligence
a branch of Computer Science dealing with the stimulation of intelligent behaviours by computers
Characteristics of AI
- Collection of data and stores rules for using that data
- Ability to reason
- Ability to learn and adapt
- Analyses patterns
Expert system have:
knowledge base: Stores a database of facts to generate rules that are used to solve problems and make decisions
rule base: Stores set of rules that is used to apply the knowledge in the knowledge base to specific problems
Inference engine : makes decisions, by applying the rule base to the knowledge base to provide a result/diagnosis
Interface: a way for users to interact with the system and provide input.
How expert system operates (AI system)
- it has an interface in which users input data
- it has a knowledge base, rule base, and inference engine.
- the inference engine applies the rule base to the knowledge base
- to make a decision
- Decides what to ask next based on the data input
- it does not learn and adapt from experience.
Machine learning
algorithm :
- A form of artificial intelligence
- has the ability to automatically adapt to its own processes
- Uses algorithms to analyse data and identify patterns.
- Stores successful/unsuccessful actions to influence future decisions.
- Can learn from data and edit its own data to improve its performance over time
- it can be supervised or unsupervised
How a program uses AI
- Uses machine learning algorithms
- Collects data about obstacles
- Stores successful and unsuccessful actions
- Identify and store patterns
- To make sure it does not repeat the same incorrect route
- So it knows how to react and what is most likely to work next time
Supervised meaning
user gives the system the input and output
Unsupervised meaning
system is given input by user and it needs to work out the output
