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Module 1 vetmed > Autonomic nervous system > Flashcards

Autonomic nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

SNS is what type of control

A

Voluntary control

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1
Q

Somatic nervous system goes out to which muscles

A

Skeletal muscle

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2
Q

What neurotransmitter is used in skeletal muscle

A

Acetylcholine

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3
Q

What type of receptor does SNS have

A

Nicotonic cholinergic receptor

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4
Q

ANS is control of what type of activity

A

Involuntary

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5
Q

What does ANS control

A

Cardiovascular response
Endocrine secretion
Gastrointestinal motility and secretions
Reproductive and urogenital control

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6
Q

Regulation of ANS is

A

Collects info from a wide range of sources to process and collect information from the hypothalamus, brain stem and spinal cord

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7
Q

Limbic cortex is

A

Higher level in the brain

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8
Q

ANS is split into

A

Sympathetic
Parasympathetic

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9
Q

Afferent pathways function

A

Collect info and take it up to CNS

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10
Q

In SNS, there is how many neurons in efferent pathway

A

1

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11
Q

What is a ganglion

A

When you have a grouping of neurons grouped outside of CNS

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12
Q

Paravertebral ganglia and prevertebral ganglia is

A

Before and after ganglia connections

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13
Q

We separate sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system through

A

Anatomical
Chemical

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14
Q

Anatomical aspect of preganglionic neuron

A

Short myelinated fibres

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15
Q

Anatomical aspect of postganglionic neuron

A

Long fibres

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16
Q

What does adrenal glands act as

A

Acts as a modified neuron for sympathetic nervous system

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17
Q

What are the four Fs

A

Fear
Flight
Fight
Fucking

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18
Q

What is the purpose of the four Fs

A

Stimulation of SNS

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19
Q

Symptoms of stimulation of SNS

A

Mydriasis- dilation of pupils
Positive chronotropic effect- increase heart rate
Inotropic effect- increased force of contraction
Positive dromotopic effect- increase speed of conduction
Vasoconstriction
Vasodilation
Bronchodilation
Decreased gastric motility
Increased sphincter tone
Glycogenolysis

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20
Q

Features of PNS

A

Short postganglionic
Long myelinated pre ganglionic

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21
Q

Why is the vegus nerve important to PNS

A

70 percent of PNS outflow

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22
Q

Discrete signalling

A

When the fibres are only able to communicate with that one end organ

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23
Q

Function of PNS

A

Rest and digest

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24
Q

Affects of stimulation of PNS

A

Decreased heart rate
Decreased conduction velocity
Decreased force of contraction
Vasodilation

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25
Q

Indirect affects of stimulation of PNS

A

Increased GI motility
Increases urethral peristalsis
Relaxation of sphincters
Mitosis- constriction of pupil
Bronchoconstriction

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26
Q

Cholinergic neurons

A

When acetylcholine is released

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27
Q

What is the enzyme that removes NTs

A

Acetylcholinesterase

28
Q

In SNS post ganglionic neuron releases what NT

A

Noradrenaline

29
Q

Name for noradrenaline releasing neuron

A

Adrenergic neuron

30
Q

Noradrenaline is removed by

A

Reuptake
Diffusion
Enzymes- monoamine oxidase or catechol-o-methyl transferase

31
Q

Alpha or beta receptors are present in what type of receptor

A

Adrenogic

32
Q

When is a muscularinic receptor used

A

If cholinergic receptor is in periphery

33
Q

Nicotinic receptor

A

Ligand gated ion channel

34
Q

Muscarinic receptor

A

G protein coupled receptor

35
Q

What happens when a nicotinic receptor functions

A

When acetylcholine binds to channel.
Channel opens so nicotine can bind.
And activate channel.

36
Q

What happens when there is a muscarinic receptor function

A

Uses extracellular protein which links to second messaging system to change membrane permeability,

37
Q

What are the types of nicotinic receptors

A

Nm- needed at muscle
Ng- the ganglia
Nn- neural brain receptors

38
Q

Muscarinic receptors are divided into

A

M1, M2, M3, M4, M5
M1 is brain
M2 is cardiac
M3 is glandular/ smooth muscle
M4 and M5 is CNS

39
Q

Adrenal receptors are subdivided into

A

Alpha and beta
A1, a2, b1,b2

40
Q

Main adrenal receptor subdivisons

A

Alpha1- vascular smooth muscle
Alpha 2- presynaptic receptor vascular smooth muscle
Beta 1- cardiac output
Beta 2- bronchi

41
Q

Why do hormones have a longer effect in the body

A

Longer to get red of

42
Q

Adrenaline has a similar effect to noradrenaline but greater effects at

A

Beta receptors

43
Q

Adrenaline has a what type of effect on noradrenaline on metabolism

A

Ten times effect

44
Q

What can double the metabolic rate

A

Adrenaline combining with noradrenaline

45
Q

What is tone

A

Both divisions of the ANS are continually active

46
Q

What is cotransmission

A

The system will release other neurotransmitter

47
Q

Non peptide examples

A

ATP
GADA
Dopamine

48
Q

Peptide examples

A

GnRH
VIP
NPY

49
Q

What are drug companies developing for cotransmission

A

Combine peptide and non peptide molecules by inhibiting or acting as ACH or NA to target specific organs

50
Q

Reflex in cardiovascular system

A

Baroreceptor reflex

51
Q

What is the pressure receptor in the cardiovascular system function

A

Measures blood pressure

52
Q

Bladder reflex

A

Stretch
Sacral cord contraction

53
Q

Sexual reflexes

A

Physiological
Physical stimulation
Activation of PNS

54
Q

Sexual reflexes in activation of PNS

A

Erection

55
Q

What is an agonist

A

Mimics the effect of the natural ligand- stimulates the system

56
Q

What are non selective agonists

A

Bind to alpha and beta receptors

57
Q

Isoprenaline is

A

Drive increase in cardiac activity- only beta receptor

58
Q

What is the function of propanolamine

A

Alpha adrenergic agonist

59
Q

Ephedrine is

A

Induces the release of noradrenaline

60
Q

Dobutamine features

A

B1 agonists
Chronotropic/ inotropic effects on heart

61
Q

Clenbuterol features

A

B2 agonist
Bronchodilator

62
Q

Phenylephrine features

A

A1 agonist
Vasoconstriction

63
Q

Clonidine features

A

A2 agonist
Central sedative effects

64
Q

Adrenergic antagonists

A

Blocks the effect of sympathetic stimulation

65
Q

Examples of adrenergic antagonists

A

Phenoxybenzamine
Yohimbine
Metopriac
Propranodiol

66
Q

What is the enteric nervous system

A

System of neurons contained within the gut
Begin in oesphagus and end in anus

67
Q

What does the enteric nervous system control

A

Gastrointestinal function

Module 1 vetmed (22 decks)

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