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Pharmacology > Autonomic Nervous System > Flashcards

Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

The autonomic nervous system is split into two sub groups, what are they?

A

Sympathetic and parasympathetic

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2
Q

Which two areas of the spine do the sympathetic nerves come from?

A

Thoracic and lumbar

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3
Q

What do autonomic nerves pass through before going to their target organ?

A

Ganglia

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4
Q

Which neurotransmitter do all the autonomic efferent from the CNS use?

A

Acetylcholine

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5
Q

does the adrenal gland use ganglia?

A

No, it is activated directly by acetylcholine

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6
Q

Which receptor does nicotine work on?

A

The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor

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7
Q

What type of receptor is the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor?

A

A ligand dated ion channel

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8
Q

Why do some drugs that use the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor work better on different parts of the body?

A

Because the nAChR can have different subunits in different areas of the body

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9
Q

Which ion are nAChR permeable to and this allow depolarisation and excitation of the post ganglion is nerve?

A

Sodium (Na+)

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10
Q

Why do drugs that use the nAChR have lots of side effects?

A

Because they are all over the body so cannot act locally/specifically

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11
Q

What is an example of a nAChR agonist? And what are it’s effects on the body?

A

Nicotine

Tachycardia, increased blood pressure, increased secretions, variable GI activity

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12
Q

What is a nAChR antagonist and what are it’s effects on the body?

A

Tubocurarine

Decreased blood pressure, decreased secretions, GI paralysis

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13
Q

What is the main post-ganglionic neurotransmitter in the sympathetic nervous system?

A

Noradrenaline

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14
Q

What is the difference between adrenaline and noradrenaline?

A

Adrenaline is a hormone

Noradrenaline is a neurotransmitter

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15
Q

What type of receptors are adrenergic receptors?

A

G-protein coupled receptors

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16
Q

What are the characteristics of adrenergic alpha1 receptors?

A

Gq protein coupled
Causes increased cell Ca2+ and increased cell activity
In blood vessels, GI sphincters, eyes, salivary gland
Constriction

17
Q

What are the characteristics of the adrenergic alpha2 receptors?

A

Gi protein coupled
Decreased CAMP and decreased cell activity
In CNS
Decreased sympathetic activity

18
Q

What are the characteristics of adrenergic b1 receptors?

A

Gs protein coupled
Increased camp increased cell activity
In the heart
Increase heart rate

19
Q

What are the characteristics of adrenergic beta2 receptors?

A 
Gs protein coupled
Increase CAMP, smooth muscle relaxation 
In the lungs, blood vessels, smooth muscle
Bronchodilaton
Vasodilation
Uterine dilation
20
Q

What are the characteristics of adrenergic beta3 receptors?

A

Gs protein coupled
Increased CAMP
In fatty tissues, skeletal muscle, bladder muscle (metabolically associated)
Lipolysis, thermogenesis, bladder relaxation

21
Q

What does adrenaline cause the body to do?

A

Vasoconstriction
Increases heart rate
Bronchodilation

22
Q

Which adrenergic receptor does noradrenaline have a low affinity for?

A

Beta2

23
Q

What is the main post ganglionic neurotransmitter used in the parasympathetic nervous system?

A

Acetylcholine

24
Q

What is the main post and pre ganglionic neurotransmitter used in the parasympathetic nervous system?

A

Acetylcholine

25
Q

What are the pre and post ganglionic receptors used in the parasympathetic nervous system?

A

Pre- nicotinic acetylcholine receptor

Post-muscarinic acetylcholine receptor

26
Q

What are the characteristics of the M1 muscarinic receptor?

A 
Gq protein coupled
Increase cell Ca2+
In CNS, GI tract, salivary and eye glands
CNS excitation
Gastric secretion
27
Q

What are the characteristics of the M2 muscarinic receptor?

A

Gi protein coupled
Decrease cell Ca2+
In CNS and heart
Decrease heart rate

28
Q

What are the characteristics of the M3 muscarinic receptor?

A 
Gq protein coupled
Increase cell Ca2+
In Exocrine glands, smooth muscle, GI, salivary, lungs, bladder
Gastric and salivary secretion 
Gi smooth muscle contraction
Vasodilation
Bronchoconstriction 
Bladder contraction
29
Q

What is Atropine?

A

A highly toxic muscarinic receptor antagonist (non-selective)

30
Q

What is oxybutinin and what is it us3d for?

A

Muscarinic non-selective receptor antagonist

Used for bladder incontinence/overactivity

31
Q

Does the somatic nervous system use ganglia?

A

No

32
Q

What must happen for muscle reactivation in the somatic nervous system?

A

The neurotransmitter must be cleared from the post-synaptic cleft

33
Q

How is the neurotransmitter cleared from the post-synaptic cleft?

A

By the enzyme acetylcholine esterase

34
Q

What is curare?

A

It is a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor non-depolarising competitive antagonist
It stops muscle movement

35
Q

What can curare be used for?

A

Anaesthetic

36
Q

What is suxamethonium?

A

A nAChR agonist depolarising blocker
It holds the receptor blocked so Cannot repolarise
Used as muscle relaxant in surgery

37
Q

What is neostigmine?

A

An acetylcholine esterase inhibitor
Stops the clearance of ACh from the cleft
Affects all over body
Used as a nerve gas weapon

38
Q

What are atropine, ipatropium, hyoscine, oxybutinin examples of?

A

Muscarinic antagonists

Pharmacology (10 decks)

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