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01. Year 1: Science for Medicine COPY > Autonomic Physiology 1 > Flashcards

Autonomic Physiology 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What does the autonomic nervous system control?

A

Involuntary movement

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2
Q

What are some examples of things that the autonomic nervous system controls?

A

Smooth muscle

Secretion from glands

Focusing of the eye

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3
Q

What are the 2 nervous systems?

A

Somatic

Autonomic

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4
Q

What are the 3 sections of the autonomic nervous system?

A

Sympathetic division

Parasympathetic division

Enteric nervous system

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5
Q

What does the enteric nervous system do?

A

Controls the gut

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6
Q

What does a diagram showing the differences between the autonomic and somatic nervous systems look like?

A
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7
Q

What is a ganglia?

A

Neuron cell body in the PNS, outside of the CNS

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8
Q

What is the fibre called between the spinal cord and the ganglia?

A

Pre-ganglia fibre

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9
Q

What is the fibre called between the ganglia and the target cell?

A

Post-ganglia fibre

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10
Q

What is the myelination of the pre-ganglia fibre like?

A

Small unmyelinated

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11
Q

What is the myelination of the post ganglia fibre like?

A

Unmyelinated

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12
Q

What are properties of the somatic nervous system?

A

Specialised neuromuscular junction

Ionotropic receptors

Always activates target

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13
Q

What are properties of the autonomic nervous system (contrasting of the somatic)?

A

Low specialised junction

Metabotropic receptors (G protein)

May excite or inhibit target

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14
Q

What is the sympathetic division associated with?

A

Fight or flight

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15
Q

What is the parasympathetic system associated with?

A

Rest and digest

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16
Q

Where does the sympathetic nervous system leave the spinal cord from?

A

Thoracic (T1-12) and lumbar (L1-2) regions

17
Q

In the sympathetic system where does the ganglia lie between the spinal cord and the target cell?

A

Close to the spinal cord

18
Q

What are paravertebral ganglia?

A

Lie close to the spinal cord

19
Q

Why are pregangliotic regions known as white ramum?

A

Due to myelination

20
Q

What are postgangliatic fibres also known as?

A

Grey ramus

21
Q

What leads to mass activation within the autonomic nervous system?

A

Covergence and divergence

22
Q

What does a diagram showing the sympathetic division look like?

A
23
Q

What are the neurotransmitters of the autonomic nervous system?

A

Acetylcholine

Noradrenaline

24
Q

What kind of receptors does noradrenaline act on?

A

Adrenergic receptors

25
Q

What are the adrenergic receptors that noradrenaline act on called?

A

Alpha and beta receptors

26
Q

What kind of receptors does acetylcholine act on?

A

Cholinergic receptors

27
Q

What are the cholinergic receptors that acetylcholine act on called?

A

Muscurinic and nicotinic

28
Q

What kind of receptors does the autonomic nervous system use?

A

G protein coupled

29
Q

What do preganglionic fibres release in the sympathetic nervous system and what does it act on?

A

Acetylcholine acting on a nicotine cholinergic receptor

30
Q

What do post ganglionic fibres release in the sympathetic nervous system and what do they act on?

A

Noradrenaline which acts on alpha or beta adrenergic receptors

31
Q

What post ganglionic cells have no axons?

A

Adrenal medulla

32
Q

What acts on the adrenal medulla?

A

Sympathetic nervous system

33
Q

What does the adrenal medulla do?

A

Releases adrenaline and noradrenaline (4:1) in the blood which then binds to the same receptors via the blood

34
Q

Where does the parasympathetic nervous system exit the spinal cord?

A

Cranial (III, VII, IX, X) and sacral (S2-4) regions

35
Q

Where do ganglia lie in the parasympathetic nervous system?

A

Close to the target

36
Q

What do preganglionic fibres in the parasympathetic system release and what do they act on?

A

Acetylcholine which acts on nicotinic cholinergic receptors

37
Q

What do postganglionic fibres in the parasympathetic system release and what do they act on?

A

Acetylcholine which acts on muscarinic cholinergic receptors

38
Q

What does a diagram showing the parasympathetic nervous system look like?

A
39
Q

What are examples of postganglionic fibres not following the rules?

A

Sympathetic cholinergic fibres innervate sweat glands

Some release non adrenergic and non cholinergic transmitters such as peptides or NO

01. Year 1: Science for Medicine COPY (55 decks)

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