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anatomy and physiology > Axial Skeleton > Flashcards

Axial Skeleton Flashcards

1
Q

Axial Skeleton

A

Skull, Ribes, spine, sacrum

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2
Q

appendicular skeleton

A

appendages

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3
Q

articulation

A

2 bones atached by a joint

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4
Q

disarticulated skeleton

A

bones not attached by a joint

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5
Q

fissure

A

narrow separation in 2 bones- slit like opening

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6
Q

foramen

A

round/oval opening through a bone

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7
Q

meatus

A

canal like passageway

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8
Q

fossa

A

shallow basin like depression

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9
Q

sinus

A

space within a bone filled with air and lined with mucous membrane

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10
Q

condyle

A

rounded articular projection

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11
Q

head of a bone

A

bony expansion carried on a narrow neck

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12
Q

Marking of Frontal Bone-SKull

A

frontal sinus, supraorbital notch (foramen)

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13
Q

frontal sinus

A

cavities inside frontal bone lined with mucosa and filled with air. Marking of frontal bone

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14
Q

supraorbital notch(foramen)

A

opening above each eye orbit for blood vessels and nerves. marking of the frontal bone

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15
Q

Temporal bone markings

A
  1. external auditory meatus(canal)
  2. mastoid process,
  3. styloid process
  4. zygomatic process,
  5. jugular foramen,
  6. petrous portion
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16
Q

external auditory meatus

A

Marking of the temporal bone. canal leading to the eardrum and middle ear

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17
Q

mastoid process

A

rough projection inferior and posterior to external auditory meatus. attachment site for neck muscles.
(big bump under ear- can tell between men/women)

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18
Q

styloid process

A

marking of temporal bone. smaller bone inferier to external auditory meatus, attachement site for muscles and LIGAMENTS of neck.
smaller than the mastoid process.

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19
Q

zygomatic process

A

bridge like projection joining the zygomatic bone of the face to form the zygomatic arch( cheekbone). marking of the temporal bone

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20
Q

jugular foramen

A

marking of the temporal bone. opening for jugular vein

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21
Q

petrous portion

A

forms the lateral portion of the base of the skull. marking of the temporal bone

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22
Q

Parietal bone

A

bone of the skull

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23
Q

occipital bone markings

A
  1. foramen magnum

2. occipital condyles

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24
Q

foramen magnum

A

marking of occipital bone. opening in the skull where the spinal cord enters cranial cavity

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25
Q

occipital condyles

A

rounded projections lateral to the foramen magum that articulate with the 1st cervical vertera. (atlas)

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26
Q

sphenoid bone

A

bat shaped bone forming a portion of the base and side of the skull

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27
Q

sella turcica

A

turks saddle. depression in the superior surface, in front of the pituitary gland.
marking of sphenoid bone

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28
Q

greater wings

A

marking of sphenoid bone. lateral projections form part of the lateral eye orbit

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29
Q

lesser wings

A

lateral extensions anterior to the sella turcica

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30
Q

optic canals (foramen)

A

marking of sphenoid bone. openings for the passage of the optic nerves.

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31
Q

pterygoid process

A

marking of the sphenoid bone. downward projections.

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32
Q

ethmoid bone

A

anterior to sephnoid , forms the roof of the nasal cavity, upper nasal septum and part of the medial orbit.
(middle bone in the nose)

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33
Q

markings of the ethmoid bone

A
  1. cribriform plate
  2. crista galli (cocks comb)
  3. perpendicular plate
  4. superior and middle nasal conchae (turbinates)
34
Q

cribriform plate

A

contain openings for the olfactory nerves

marking of ethmoid bone

35
Q

crista galli- cocks comb

A

vertical projection, point of attachment for meninges

marking of ethmoid bone

36
Q

perpendicular plate

A

marking of ethmoid bone. inferior projection forms superior part of nasal septum

37
Q

superior and middle nasal conchae- turbinates

A

thin, coiled plates that extend medially into the nasal cavity, increase surface area of nasal mucosa

38
Q

Mandible

A

chin. (body)

39
Q

ramus

A

vertical extension of the mandible body

40
Q

condyle

A

articulation point between mandible and temporal bone

41
Q

alveolar margin

A

contains sockets for teeth

42
Q

mandibular foramen

A

on medial surface or ramus, opening for trigeminal nerve that transmits sensation to teeth

43
Q

mental foramen

A

opening for blood vessels and nerves in chin

44
Q

coronoid process- mandible

A

anterior portion of ramus

45
Q

maxilla

A

upper portion of jaw

46
Q

palatine process (anterior hard palate_

A

marking of maxilla. horizontal inward projections from alveolar process, forms anterior and larger part of hard palate.

47
Q

maxillary sinus

A

cavity inside the maxilla

48
Q

palatine

A

horizontal plate, posterior hard palate. joined to palatine processes of maxillae to complete posterior part of hard palate

49
Q

nasal

A

small bones forming upper part of bridge of nose

50
Q

zygomatic- malar

A

part of cheekbones, form part of floor and sidewall of orbit

51
Q

lacrimal

A

thin bones the size and shape of a fingernail, posterior and lateral to nasal bones in medial wall of orbit

52
Q

inferior conchae (turbinates)

A

thin scroll of bone forming kind of shelf along inner surface of sidewall of nasal cavity, lies about hte roof of the mouth

53
Q

vomer

A

forms lower and posterior part of nasal septum

54
Q

hyoid

A

bone in throat- breaks if strangled. u-shaped. doesnt form a joint with any other bone.

55
Q

sutures of the skull

A
  1. sagittal
  2. coronal
  3. lamboidal
  4. squamosal
56
Q

features of the vertebrae

A

body, spinous process, transverse process, spinal foramen (vertebral foramen)

57
Q

body of vertebrae

A

main part, flat round mass located anteriorly. the supporting or weight bearing part of vertebrae

58
Q

spinous process

A

part of vertebrae. sharp process of projecting inferiorly from midline

59
Q

transverse process

A

right and left lateral projections

60
Q

spinal foramen

A

hole in center of vertebrae, location of spinal cord

61
Q

vertebral column: cervical vertebrae

A

first 7 vertebrae

62
Q

atlas

A

1st cervical vertebrae. has no body

63
Q

axis

A

2nd cervical vertebrae, has odontoid process (dens)

64
Q

throacic vertebrae

A

next 12 vertebrae, 12 pairs of ribs attached to these

65
Q

lumbar vertebrae

A

next 5 vertebrae

66
Q

sacrum

A

5 vertebrae that fuse to form one wedge shaped bone

67
Q

coccyx

A

4/5 vertebrae that fuses into one bone in the adult

68
Q

sternum- body

A

main central part of sternum bone

69
Q

sternum- manubrium

A

flaring, upper part

70
Q

sternum- xiphoid process bone

A

projection of cartilage at lower border of sternum bone- becomes a bone in adults

71
Q

true ribs

A

7 pairs. attached directly to sternum by costal cartilage

72
Q

false ribs

A

5 pairs. dont attach directly to sternum, upper 3 pairs of false ribs attach to the costal cartilage of the 7th true rib.

73
Q

floating ribs

A

last 2 false ribs 11, 12 are only attached to the vertebral column, dont attach to anything in teh front

74
Q

costal cartilage

A

cartilage at sternal end of true ribs. attaches true ribs to sternum

75
Q

special function of atlas

A

movement

76
Q

structural difference of atlas to typical vertebrae

A

there is no body on the atlas

77
Q

special function of the axis

A

pivot joint with skull. no movement

78
Q

special structure part of axis

A

odontoid process

79
Q

zygomatic bone

A

cheekbone

80
Q

opening of ear canal

A

exteriory auditory process

81
Q

location of pituitary gland

A

sella turcicA

82
Q

location of mental foramen

A

chin

anatomy and physiology (3 decks)

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