Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology Paper 1 > B1 > Flashcards

B1 Flashcards

1
Q

Structure of an animal cell?

A

Cell membrane,nucleus,mitochondria,ribosomes,cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Structure of a plant cell?

A

Cell wall,cell membrane,permanent vacuole,chloroplasts,mitochondria,ribosomes,cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

State the function of the nucleus?

A

Controls all activities of the cells and contains genetic information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

State the function of cytoplasm?

A

Site for chemical reactions to take place

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

State the function if the cell membrane?

A

Controls what substances go in and out of the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

State the function of mitochondria?

A

Site of aerobic respiration, releasing energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

State the function of the cell wall?

A

Strengthens the cell and provides support

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

State the function of chloroplasts?

A

Contains chlorophyll, absorbs light to do photosynthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

State the function of the permanent vacuole?

A

Contains cell sap to keep plant cells rigid ,provide support

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

state the difference between an animal cell and a plant cell?

A

plant cells contain chloroplasts, permanent vacuole and a cell wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

name all parts of a light microscope?

A

eyepiece, objective, stage, light, coarse and fine adjustment knob

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

state the equation for total magnification on a microscope?

A

eyepiece lens*objective lens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

define resolution?

A

The ability to distinguish between two different points that are close to each other.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

state the equation that links magnification,image size and actual size.

A

magnification = image size over actual size

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

which microscope has a higher magnification and power

A

electron microscopes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

why does the sample need to be stained before being looked at?

A

to see structures clearly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which objective lens should we start using?

A

low power objective lens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Which focus knob should be used during low-medium power magnification?

A

Coarse focus knob

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which focus knob should be used during high power magnification?

A

Fine focus knob

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Describe how to view an image of a cell using a microscope.

A
  • the object is placed on a rectangular glass slide.
  • the slide is clipped on to the stage
  • the lowest powered objective lens is selected
  • the coarse adjustment knob should be used to move the stage up to just below the objective lens
  • look down the eyepiece and use the coarse adjustment knob to move the stage down until the image is roughly in focus
  • adjust the fine focus knob until you get a clear image.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what substance makes up plants cell walls?

A

cellulose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

convert 5mm to um=

A

5000um

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

State a key difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic

A

prokaryotes do not have a nucleus .eukaryotes do

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

state one organism that is prokaryotic

A

bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what is a flagellum?

A

a tail used to help a cell swim

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what is a plasmid?

A

dna rings in a bacteria cell with extra genetic information.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

where does the genetic information of a prokaryotic cell exist?

A

cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

difference between bacteria cell and animal cell?

A

no cell wall and plasmid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

why do sperm cells have alot of mitochondria?

A

to provide energy when swimming

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

adaptations of a nerve cell?

A

lots of dendrites,long axon which can carry electrical impulses over long distances.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

function of a nerve cell?

A

to carry electrical impulses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

How is a muscle cell adapted for its function

A

Special proteins for contraction;Many mitochondria for energy;store glycogen to release glucose for respiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is the mitochondria in root hair cells used for?

A

Energy for active transport with mineral ions into the root hair cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

How do the extensions in root hair cells help with their function?

A

Increase surface area for efficient water absorbtion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

How are photosynthetic cells adapted for their function?

A

Lots of chloroplasts which contain chlorophyll to absorb light

36
Q

define diffusion

A

the net movement of particles from an area of high concentration to low concentration

37
Q

three factors that affect the rate of diffusion

A

concentration,temperature,surface area

38
Q

how does concentration difference affect the rate of diffusion

A

higher concentration difference= faster diffusion

39
Q

why does a higher temperature affect the rate of diffusion

A

more kinetic energy, particles move around more

40
Q

where does c02 diffuse into?

A

blood capillaries from the body cells

41
Q

Name a substance that diffuses into our cells for use?

A

Oxygen, glucose

42
Q

Name a substance that diffuses out of our body

A

carbon dioxide, urea

43
Q

Name a structure in the body that is adapted for an increased rate of diffusion?

A

villi, alveoli

44
Q

define osmosis

A

the net movement of water from a dilute solution to a concentrated solution across a partially permeable membrane

45
Q

define dilute

A

High water concentration, low solute concentration

46
Q

define concentration

A

low water concentration, high solute concentration

47
Q

what are partially permeable membranes

A

membranes that control what substances go in and out(regularly small substances)

48
Q

Why does the potato skin need to be removed before being put in cylinders?

A

Because the skin is impermeable

49
Q

the formula for % change in mass

A

the difference in mass/initial mass*100

50
Q

define active transport

A

movement of particles against the concentration gradient using energy called ATP(adenosine triphosphate)

51
Q

Explain the importance of active transport in plants

A

root hair cells carry out AT to absorb mineral ions from the dilute soil

52
Q

explain the importance of AT in animals

A

cells in gut lining do AT to absorb glucose from the bloodstream

53
Q

state one adaptation cells have if they need to carry out AT

A

lots of mitochondria for respiration for energy

54
Q

how does active transport differ from diffusion/osmosis

A

AT requires energy and goes against the concentration gradient

55
Q

state difference between osmosis and diffusion

A

osmosis is only the movement of water and needs a partially permeable membrane. Diffusion can be performed by any particle and does not need a membrane

56
Q

State the relationship between size and surface area to volume ratio

A

The bigger the size, the smaller the surface area to volume ratio

57
Q

Three adaptations of exchange surfaces?

A

a thin membrane, large surface area, able to maintain steep concentration differences

58
Q

how are the alveoli adapted for efficient gas exchange?

A

large surface area, thin membrane, rich blood supply

59
Q

how are plant roots adapted for their function?

A

Large surface area, transpiration stream

60
Q

How do stomata help maintain the gas exchange in leaves?

A

Allow gases to move in and out of a leaf, maintaining a steep concentration gradient

61
Q

what is a gene?

A

a short section of DNA that codes for a protein/controls a characteristic

62
Q

what are chromosomes?

A

Structures in the nucleus that carry genes

63
Q

how many chromosomes are in one human body cell?

A

46

64
Q

Briefly describe the cell cycle?

A

Cell content is replicated, mitosis occurs to make two genetically identical cells

65
Q

Define mitosis

A

Cell division that produces two genetically identical daughter cells

66
Q

Wich type of reproduction is based solely on mitosis?

A

Asexual reproduction

67
Q

State three examples where mitosis is used in organisms?

A

Growth, repair, asexual reproduction

68
Q

Describe the first stage of the cell cycle?

A

Cell size increases, Dna organelle replication

69
Q

describe the second stage(mitosis)

A

The nucleus divides-one set of chromosomes is pulled to each end of the dividing cell

70
Q

describe the third stage of the cell cycle?

A

cytoplasm and cell membrane divide into two daughter cells

71
Q

What has to happen to the cell before mitosis to ensure genetically identical cells?

A

DNA and organelles replication

72
Q

define differentiation

A

the process where a cell becomes specialised/adapted to perform a specific function

73
Q

define stem cell

A

undifferentiated cell with the potential to become specialised

74
Q

define adult stem cells

A

stem cells that can only differentiate into a specific type of cell

75
Q

where does the differentiation occur in humans

A

bone marrow

76
Q

where does the differentiation occur in plants

A

meristems

77
Q

define cloning

A

production of identical offspring by asexual reproduction

78
Q

By which cell division type does cloning occur?

A

mitosis

79
Q

Define embryo

A

a ball of cells made from mitosis of fertilised egg

80
Q

define embryonic stem cell

A

stem cells from an early embryo that can differentiate into any cell types

81
Q

where are adult stem cells found in animals

A

bone marrow

82
Q

suggest two diseases that can be treated with stem cells

A

spine paralysis, diabetes, blindness

83
Q

briefly describe how you can treat someones with diabetes with stem cell treatment?

A

Induce embryonic stem cells to produce healthy pancreas cells to make enough insulin

84
Q

Where do you get stem cells in plants?

A

meristems /top of the plant/root tip

85
Q

Why is the ability to clone plants quickly a benefit?

A

Produce a large number of identical plants to stop them from extinction

86
Q

State one benefit of therapeutic cloning

A

No rejection problem

87
Q

State one risk or concern people may have about using stem cells.

A

Unethical to use aborted embryos; difficult and expensive project; cancer concern; viral infection/transmission

Biology Paper 1 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions