Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

GCSE Biology > B1 > Flashcards

B1 Flashcards

1
Q

True or False:
Animal and plant cells are eukaryotic

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the function of the cell membrane?

A

Controls what moves in and out of the cell.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the function of the cytoplasm?

A

Site of most chemical reactions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the function of the nucleus?

A

Contains genetic information, and controls the cell’s activity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the function of the ribosome?

A

Site of protein synthesis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the function of the mitochondria?

A

Site of respiration and to release energy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the function of the cell wall?

A

Provides structure/support.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the function of the chloroplast?

A

Site of photosynthesis, and contains chlorophyll for photosynthesis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the function of the vacuole?

A

Helps to keep the plant turgid.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

1mm = ______μm

A

1,000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

1mm = ______nm

A

1,000,000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is cell differentiation?

A

The process of unspecialised cells (such as stem cells) becoming specialised.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How does cell differentiation happen?

A

The cells decide which genes are going to be used, and which aren’t. This means they become different things, and have different functions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are stem cells?

A

Non-specialised cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What kind of cells can embryonic stem cells become?

A

Any kind of cell.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What kind of cells can adult stem cells become?

A

Only certain types of cell.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Give one pro and one con to embryonic stem cells.

A

Pros - uses unwanted embryos, can differentiate into any kind of cell, easier to get (procedure less painful)
Cons - ethical views (taking a life without consent)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Give one pro and one con to adult stem cells.

A

Pros - found in lots of tissue/organs, better ethically, no rejection risk
Cons - can only differentiate into certain cells, painful procedure with risk of infection.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which has a higher magnification and resolution - electron or light microscope?

A

electron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Define magnification.

A

how many times the object is being made bigger in the field of view.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Define resolution.

A

the minimum distance we can see between two points.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Give the equation for magnification.

A

magnification = image size / actual size

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How many pairs of chromosomes are in the human body?

A

23 pairs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Where are chromosomes found?

A

Chromosomes are found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What are chromosomes?

A

Thread-like structures made from DNA wrapped around proteins.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the function of chromosomes?

A

To store genetic information in the form of genes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is a gene?

A

A section of DNA that codes for a protein, and therefore a characteristic.

28
Q

What can genetic information influence?

A
  • formation of proteins
  • cell cycle and cell division
29
Q

What is a homologous chromosome?

A

A pair of chromosomes, one paternal, and one maternal.

30
Q

What do chromosomes look like before mitosis?

A

8

31
Q

What do chromosomes look like as they prepare to divide?

A

x

32
Q

Why do body cells divide by mitosis?

A

To produce additional cells during growth and repair.

33
Q

What is diffusion?

A

The movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

34
Q

True or False:
Diffusion happens in both solutions and gases.

A

True

35
Q

Cell membranes are __________ __________

A

partially permeable

36
Q

What does ‘partially permeable’ mean?

A

Only certain things can diffuse through them.

37
Q

The ______ the temperature, the higher the level of _________ energy gained by the particles enabling them to ________ faster as they move faster.

A

higher
kinetic
diffuse

38
Q

The _______ the surface area means more particles can _______ at the same time.

A

larger
diffuse

39
Q

The _______ the concentration gradient, the faster the particles diffuse.

A

steeper

40
Q

Give the equation for volume.

A

volume = length x width x height

41
Q

Give the equation for area.

A

area = length x width

42
Q

Give the equation for surface area.

A

surface area = area x number of sides

43
Q

Multi-cellular organisms with small surface area:volume ratio need ________ systems that are specialised for ________ materials.

A

organ
exchanging

44
Q

How can exchange surfaces be adapted?

A

having a large surface area
being thin
good blood supply (animals)
ventilated (animals)

45
Q

What is osmosis?

A

The diffusion of water through a partially permeable membrane.

46
Q

Osmosis occurs from a _____ dilute solution to a _____ dilute solution.

A

more
less

47
Q

What is active transport?

A

Movement of particles against the concentration gradient (low to high concentration)

48
Q

Give an example of a molecule transported by active transport.

A

glucose

49
Q

True or False:
energy is needed for active transport

A

true

50
Q

True or False:
a carrier protein is needed for active transport

A

true

51
Q

Give an example of active transport in plants.

A

Root hair cells absorbing mineral ions that are in a low concentration in the soil.

52
Q

Give an example of active transport in animals.

A

Small intestine when mineral ions and glucose are absorbed.

53
Q

What is aerobic respiration?

A

Complete breakdown of glucose using oxygen.

54
Q

Is respiration endothermic or exothermic?

A

exothermic

55
Q

What catalyses respiration?

A

enzymes

56
Q

What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?

A

glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water (+ energy)

57
Q

When does anaerobic respiration happen?

A

when not enough oxygen is available.

58
Q

What is glucose partially broken down into during anaerobic respiration?

A

lactic acid

59
Q

Anaerobic respiration is ______ efficient than aerobic respiration.

A

less

60
Q

What is oxygen debt?

A

the volume of oxygen needed to break down the lactic acid.

61
Q

Give the word equation for anaerobic respiration.

A

glucose -> lactic acid (+energy)

62
Q

What are some short term effects of exercise?

A
  • heart rate increases
  • breathing rate increases
  • arteries supplying blood to muscles dilate
63
Q

What are some long term effects of exercise?

A
  • over time, heart becomes stronger
  • heart and lungs become bigger
  • muscles, heart, and lungs develop a bigger and more efficient blood supply (more capillaries)
64
Q

What is metabolism?

A

The rate of chemical reactions that occur in a cell or in your body.

65
Q

Is metabolism endothermic or exothermic?

A

endothermic

66
Q

What controls metabolism?

A

enzymes

67
Q

What four factors affect metabolism?

A
  • age
  • gender
  • genes
  • body mass

GCSE Biology (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions