b1

Question 1

what is a host cell?

Answer 1

a host cell is a cell in the body that the virus attacks so it could continue mutating.

Question 2

what are the common features of both pro and euk?

Answer 2

cytoplasm
dna
plasma membrane
ribosomes- 70s in pro

Question 3

what is the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic in terms of organelles?

Answer 3

the main difference is that pro dont have any membrane bound organelles etc mitochondria but euk do.

Question 4

what is the function of the undulipodium?

Answer 4

its designed for movement

Question 5

what is the function of the pili in prokaryotic cells?

Answer 5

used to exchange genetic material in a type of reproduction process called conjugation

Question 6

what is the function of the fimbriae?

Answer 6

used by bacteria to attach to a host cell

Question 7

what does the capsule in prokaryotic cells allow them To do?

Answer 7

allow them to attach to surfaces in its environment

Question 8

how does the peptidoglycan cell wall help prokaryotes?

Answer 8

the cell wall acts as an extra layer of protection and helps the cell maintain its shape; prevents dehydration.

Question 9

what layer do gram positive organisms have?

Answer 9

a thick peptidoglycan layer

Question 10

what layer does gram negative organism have?

Answer 10

a thin peptidoglycan layer

Question 11

what colour does gram positive bacteria turn?

Answer 11

purple

Question 12

what colour does gram negative bacteria turn?

Answer 12

red/pink

Question 13

what are the functions of the nucleus?

Answer 13

contains genetic material
chromatin consists of DNA
contains instructions for making proteins
when cell divides, chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes
nucleolus makes RNA and ribosomes

Question 14

what are the adaptations of the nucleus

Answer 14

largest organelle
spherical
dark patches= chromatin
surrounded by nuclear envelope
composed of 2 fluid filled membranes
has nuclear pores to allow molecules through- mRNA
nucleolus inside

Question 15

what are the structures of ribosomes?

Answer 15

very small organelles in the cytoplasm and bound to rough endoplasmic reticulum

consists of 2 subunits

Question 16

what is the function of ribosomes?

Answer 16

site of proteinsynthesis which acts as an assembly line using mRNA as a code to assemble proteins

Question 17

what are the adaptations of endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 17

consists of flattened membrane bound sacs
cisternae which are continuous with the outer nuclear membrane

rer- has ribosomes
ser-no ribosomes

Question 18

what is the function of rer?

Answer 18

transports proteins made on attached ribosomes

Question 19

what is the function of smooth er?

Answer 19

involved in making lipids

Question 20

what are the adaptations of Golgi apparatus?

Answer 20

has stacks of membrane bound flattened sacs called cisternae

Question 21

what is the function of Golgi apparatus?

Answer 21

receives proteins from the er
modifies them eg adds sugar
packages proteins into vesicles to be transported inside/ outside cell

Question 22

what is the structure of mitochondria?

Answer 22

2 membranes separated by a fluid filled space
central part is called matrix
inner membrane is folded to form Cristae

Question 23

what is the function of mitochondria?

Answer 23

site where atp is produced during respiration

Question 24

what is the structure of lysosomes?

Answer 24

spherical sacs surrounded by a single membrane

Question 25

what is the function of lysosomes?

Answer 25

contain digestive enzymes which break down materials

Question 26

what is the structure of centrioles?

Answer 26

small protein tubes of microtubes