B1- cells

Question 1

what are eukaryotic cells

Answer 1

Cells with a nucleus

Question 2

what is a prokaryotic cell

Answer 2

a cell without a nucleus

Question 3

what subcellular structures are in a animal cell

Answer 3

cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondria, ribosomes

Question 4

what subcellular structures are in a plant cell

Answer 4

+animal cell structure
cell wall, vacuole, chloroplast

Question 5

what are the sub cellular structures of a bacteria cell

Answer 5

cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, plasmid, string of DNA, flagellum

Question 6

what is the equation for magnification

Answer 6

magnification= image ➗actual size

Question 7

what is cell differentiation

Answer 7

when a cell differentiates and becomes specialised for a specific job or function

Question 8

examples of specialised cells

Answer 8

sperm cells
nerve cell
muscle cell
blood cells
stem cell
xylem and phloem

Question 9

how are muscle cells specialised

Answer 9

large space to contact
mitochondria for energy
good blood supply

Question 10

how are nerve cells specialised

Answer 10

branched to connect across the body

Question 11

how are sperm cells specialised

Answer 11

streamlined head
tail to swim
mitochondria
enzymes to break down egg wall

Question 12

how is the xylem and phloem specialised

Answer 12

xylem- water, hollow
phloem- sugar, few sub cellular structure

Question 13

What’s the difference between a light microscope and a electron microscope

Answer 13

Higher magnification
High resolution
Can see internal structures

Question 14

What is stem cell

Answer 14

An undifferentiated cell

Question 15

What are the 3 examples of stem cells

Answer 15

Bone marrow
Embryo
Meristem

Question 16

What are the uses, risks and reasons against stem cells in animals

Answer 16

Uses- treat disease, replace faulty cells, cloning, wont be rejected
Risks- contamination
Against- potential life

Question 17

What is diffusion and factors that effect it

Answer 17

Movement of particles from a high to low concentration
-surface area, concentration

Question 18

What is osmosis

Answer 18

Movement of water molecules from high to low concentration across a partially permeable membrane

Question 19

What is active transport and examples

Answer 19

Movement of particles from low to high concentration
Root hair cell, gut

Question 20

Uses of stem cells in plants (meristems) and the negative

Answer 20

Can differentiate throughout entire life
Cheap and quick
Grow rare species
Grow disease resistant plants
-can wipe out entire species

Question 21

What are the 3 exchange surface adaptations

Answer 21

Thin membrane
Large surface area
Good blood supply

Question 22

What is a single celled organism

Answer 22

Can diffuse directly in and out due to large surface area compared to volume ratio

Question 23

What is a multi cellular organism

Answer 23

Smaller surface area to volume ratio, they require an exchange surface

Question 24

What is the function and adaptation of the lungs

Answer 24

Remove waste carbon dioxide and transfer oxygen to the blood
Alveoli- large surface area
Moist lining
Good blood supply
Thin walls

Question 25

What is the function and adaptation of the leaves

Answer 25

Let’s gases diffuse in and out
Stomata- water evaporates from the leaf, then escapes by diffusion

Question 26

What is the function and adaptation of the small intestine

Answer 26

Food is absorbed into the blood
Villi- big surface area
Good blood supply
Single layer of cells

Question 27

What is the function and adaptation of the gills

Answer 27

Oxygen in the blood, get ride of waste carbon dioxide
Gill filaments (lamallee)- large surface area
Thin surface layer
Good blood supply