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B1 > B1 T1 > Flashcards

B1 T1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is speciation

A

Two populations of same species become separated
Gradually change by natural selection so they can no longer interbreed successfully
Become 2 different species

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2
Q

Discontinuous variation

A

Characteristics have a set value
Determined by genes
Eye colour, blood type
Does not Show a normal distribution curve

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3
Q

Kingdom fungi

A

Multicellular, have cell walls, Saprophytic feeders, no chlorophyll, have an Nucleus

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4
Q

Why is classification important

A

Allow scientists to easily identify differences between new and existing species
Identify high areas of biodiversity
See how organisms are related

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5
Q

What is an allele?

Give an example

A

An allele is different version of the same gene

Eg one allele for blue eyes one for brown eyes

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6
Q

Heterozygous?

A

An individual with 2 different alleles

Eg Ff

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7
Q

How have polar bears adapted to environment?

A

White fur- camoflaugue
Blubber and thick fur -insulation
Wide feet- spread weight, swimming

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8
Q

Explain darwins theory of natural selection

A
  1. Not all individuals same-variation within populations
  2. Some young don’t survive
  3. populations don’t increase quickly- competition for resources
  4. those better adapted- survive n breed successfully
  5. Useful genes get passes on to offspring
  6. over time bigger proportion of individuals with benfitial characteristics
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9
Q

Sickle cell disease

A

Recessive allele causes genetic disorder
Blood cells are an abnormal shape so can’t carry as much oxygen round the body
-tired
-out of breath easily
-painful joints. Red blood cells stick together and block blood vessels

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10
Q

Binomial name is superstars into 2 parts, what are they?

A

Genus, species

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11
Q

Kingdom Protoctista and prokaryotes

A

Unicellular and don’t have a nucleus

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12
Q

Kingdom animalia

A 
Nucleus 
No cell wall 
No chlorophyll 
Heterotrophic feeders 
Multicellular
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13
Q

How have deep sea fish adapted to their environment

Give examples

A

Some emit light from their body, angler fish, light attracts prey
Huge eyes to see in dark
Huge mouths to scoop up food off sea bed- rat tail fish

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14
Q

How is scientific evidence verified in the scientific community?

A

Published in scientific journals, peer reviewed, discussed at scientific conferences

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15
Q

What kingdom are viruses in

A

Don’t have a kingdom as they don’t show all the life processes

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16
Q

Describe cystic fibrosis and the effects it has on people

A

Lungs blocked by thick mucus- breathing problems
Block the tubes leading to small intestine making it hard to digest food causing weight loss
Block fertility tubes and stop sperm from from being able to fertilise with an egg causing fertility problems in males
Caused by recessive allele

17
Q

Differences and similarities between amphibians and reptiles

A 
Both poikilotherms 
Both oviparous 
Amphibians absorb oxygen through skin 
External fertilisation 
Reptiles have lungs 
And internal fertilisation
18
Q

What is a genotype

A

The genes an individual has eg Ff FF

19
Q

What is a phenotype

A

The appearance an individual has eg brown hair

20
Q

Kingdom plantae

A 
Nucleus
Multicellular 
Cell wall
Chlorophyll 
Autotrophic
21
Q

What features do the phylum bird have compared to mammals

A

Birds- oviparous
Mammals- viviparous
Both homotherms, internal fertilisation, both have lungs

22
Q

Features of the fish phylum

A

Poikilotherms
Oviparous
External fertilisation
Take in oxygen through skin

23
Q

What is the phylum Chordata

A

Organisms with a rod through their body eg a spine

24
Q

What is the definition of species

Why doesn’t this definition work perfectly

A

A group of organisms that can interbreed successfully to Produce fertile offspring
Some organisms reproduce asexually like bacteria who do not need a mate to reproduce

25
Q

Explain the evolution of warfarin resistant rats that supports natural selection

A 
Some rats resistant from a random mutation of DNA in an organism, some are not 
Resistant rats survive, others die
The warfarin resistant rats reproduce
Pass on resistance to offspring 
Over time all rats restistant
26
Q

What is continuous variation

A

Not a set value
Determined by genes and environment
Weight height shoes size
Shows a normal distribution curve

27
Q

Define homozygous

A

An individual with two of the same alleles. Eg FF ff

28
Q

What is a stimulus?

Give examples

A

A change in your environment that you may need to react to

A stimulus can be light,Sound ,touch pressure, chemical or a change in position or temperature

29
Q

The sensory organs all contain receptors

What are receptors?

A

Receptors are groups of cells which are sensitive to a stimulus.
The change stimulus energy e.g. light energy into electrical impulses

B1 (3 decks)

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