B1.2

Question 1

Where is the DNA in cells?

Answer 1

Nucleus

Question 2

Each long molecule of DNA is a…

Answer 2

Chromosome

Question 3

What are short sections of DNA called?

Answer 3

Genes

Question 4

What is the shape of DNA?

Answer 4

Double Helix

Question 5

What is a polymer?

Answer 5

A large molecule made of small, repeating monomers

Question 6

What is the relation between nucleotides and DNA?

Answer 6

DNA is a polymer of nucleotides

Question 7

What connects the two strands of DNA?

Answer 7

Bases

Question 8

What are the parts of a nucleotide?

Answer 8

Phosphate, deoxyribose sugar and base

Question 9

What are the 4 bases in DNA and their complimentary pairs?

Answer 9

A and T
C and G

Question 10

What is transcription?

Answer 10

1) A strand of DNA copies to make a new strand of DNA called mRNA
2) mRNA leaves the nucleus into the ribosomes for translation

Question 11

What is translation

Answer 11

1) When the mRNA binds with the ribosome, the mRNA is getting read by the ribosome in codons
2) After being read, each codon codes for a specific amino acid
3) As the ribosomes continue reading the mRNA, their would be a long chain of amino acids which would finally form a protein

Question 12

Why can’t the DNA leave the nucleus?

Answer 12

The DNA is too big

Question 13

What happens when the coding process occurs?

Answer 13

The DNA unzips into 2 strands; one strand is the template strand which is used to try and compliment. Once finished, the strand of mRNA detaches itself from the DNA template

Question 14

What are the 4 bases in mRNA and their complimentary pairs?

Answer 14

A and U
C and G

Question 15

Proteins are a polymer of …?

Answer 15

Amino Acids

Question 16

What are enzymes?

Answer 16

Biological catalysts which help speed up reactions

Question 17

An enzyme has always a specific …?

Answer 17

Shape

Question 18

What is an active site?

Answer 18

A place where enzymes and substrates bind

Question 19

What is a substrate?

Answer 19

A molecule that binds with the active site of the enzyme

Question 20

How does the specific shape of the enzyme affect the bonding?

Answer 20

An enzyme can only bond to one type of substrate

Question 21

What is the lock and key hypothesis?

Answer 21

Its the relation between the enzyme and substrate, as the enzyme is a lock and substrate in the key

Question 22

What does the enzyme do to the substrate?

Answer 22

Enzymes are used to build large molecules from small ones or break down large molecules.

Question 23

What factors affect enzyme catalyst reactions?

Answer 23

Temperature, pH and concentration of enzyme/substrate

Question 24

What is the term from which the conditions the enzyme works best?

Answer 24

Optimum conditions

Question 25

What does denatured mean?

Answer 25

When the active site changes shape so the enzyme stops working