B2

Question 1

What is a communicable disease?

Answer 1

A disease spread by pathogens(viruses or bacteria) from organism to organism.

Question 2

What are non-communicable disesases?

Answer 2

Diseases that are not passed on to person to person, heart disease.

Question 3

Whar causes communicable and non communicable diseases?

Answer 3

-Bad health
-poor diet
-stress
working with harmful chemicals

Question 3

What is a virus?

Answer 3

It has a DNA or RNA packed inside a protein capsid, which invades cells and subvert them so they would help produce new virions

Question 3

What does fungi do?

Answer 3

Causes skin infections and severe lung infections in people who have immunity problems

Question 3

How do diseases spread?

Answer 3

They spread through:
-bacteria
-viruses
-fungi

Question 3

How are communicable diseases spread?

Answer 3

-water
-air
-on surfaces
-body fluids
-animal vectors
-soil
-food

Question 3

What is a symptom?

Answer 3

The feelings or changes experienced by an organism when ill

Question 3

What is the purpose of the human immune system?

Answer 3

To fight off pathogens using white blood cells

Question 4

What do white blood cells do?

Answer 4

• Fight off disease with three main ways
• Phagocytosis- Tracks pathogens, binds to the pathogens, then engulfs them and destroys them
• antitoxins- small molecules that bind to toxins and stop them from doing damage
• antibodies-small proteins that lock onto antigens and act as a signal to tell WBC to kill them
• specific to their own antigen

Question 5

What is bacteria?

Answer 5

• Single celled organism(unicellular)
• 100x smaller than human cells
• Reproduces asexually
• They produce tocuns that make us ill and damage cells and tissues

Question 6

What are protists?

Answer 6

• Eukaryotic cell
• Can be singlcelled or multi cellular
• transported by vectors-other organisms
• can be considered as parasites

Question 7

What are the three types of plant defences?

Answer 7

• Phsical-Prevents entry of pathogens
• Chemical-kills of pathogens using chemicals
• Mechanical-Functional rather than just acting as a barrier-kills off the pathogens(horns)

Question 8

What are vaccinations?

Answer 8

• Something that makes us immune towards disesase
• Inside vaccines are weakened or inactivated pathofens so that our body can learn how to fight against them by producing antibodies
• Pros- protects from disease, controls common disease(polio, measles), prevents outbreaks
• Cons- they dont always work, people may have bad reactions to them

Question 9

What are monoclonal antibodies?

Answer 9

• Making antibodies from a single clone of cells
• Take a cell - clone it - then make all clones produce antibodies
• They always bind to a specific thing

Question 10

Pregnancy tests

Answer 10

• Cheap, quick, reliable way of finding out whether a woman is pregnant
• The pregnancy test shows if a woman has hcg in their urine
• HCG is a hormon that woman secrete in their urine when pregnant
• It is done by a woman urinating onto a pregnancy strip

Question 11

What is antibiotic resistance?

Answer 11

• This happens when pathogens or bacteria become resistant to antibodies
• Caused by mutations in bacteria to make them less affected by the antibodies

Question 12

What is cardiovascular disease?

Answer 12

• This refers to disease of the cardiovascular system(the heart, blood vessels)
• coranary heart disease, heart attacks, faulty valves