Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology Obied > B2 > Flashcards

B2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a specialized cell?

A

Cells that are adapted to carry out a specific function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Name three different specialized cells.

A

A sperm cell, a fat cell, a blood cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the difference between diffusion and active transport?

A

Diffusion moves from high to low concentration gradient whereas active transport moves from low to high. Active transport also uses ATP whereas diffusion does not.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How is diffusion affected by distance?

A

The shorter the diffusion distance the greater the diffusion rate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How is diffusion affected by the concentration gradient?

A

The greater the concentration gradient, the greater the rate of diffusion.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How is diffusion affected by the surface area?

A

The greater the surface area, the greater the rate of diffusion.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is osmosis?

A

Osmosis is the net movement of water particles down the concentration gradient through a semi-permeable membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where are stem cells found in a plant?

A

Meristem / shoot tip

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the difference between animal embryonic and animal stem cells?

A

Embryonic stem cells have the ability to differentiate into all cell types; adult stem cells differentiate into few cell types.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How does mitosis lead to copies of the original cell?

A

-The DNA replicates.
-The chromosomes line up across the center of the cell.
-Each new chromosome splits into two identical copies.
-Each copy moves to opposite ends of the cell.
-Two new nuclei form, each containing a full set of identical chromosomes.
-The membrane splits and re-fuses, forming two
genetically identical daughter cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is a red blood cell’s function?

A

To carry oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is a white blood cell’s function?

A

To engulf microorganisms or produce antibodies and

antitoxins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is plasma’s function?

A

To transport materials such as digested food and hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is a platelet’s function?

A

To help the blood to clot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How is a red blood cell adapted to it’s function?

A

It has no nucleus, is shaped as a biconcave disc, and is packed with hemoglobin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the difference between a vein and an artery?

A

Arteries have less pressure and carry blood towards the heart whereas arteries contain high pressure and carry blood away from the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Name the two chambers in the heart.

A

The ventricles and the atrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Name the artery that take blood around the body.

A

Aorta

19
Q

What is unusual about the pulmonary vein compared to other veins?

A

It carries oxygenated blood

20
Q

What is the difference between cardiac muscles and other muscles?

A

It does not require a nervous impulse (from the brain) to contract.

21
Q

Why does the heart contain valves?

A

They stop the back flow of blood. This prevents oxygenated and de-oxygenated blood mixing.

22
Q

What material is transported through the xylem?

A

Water

23
Q

What is the structure formed by the xylem and the phloem?

A

Vascular bundle

24
Q

What is translocation?

A

Movement of dissolved sugars produced during photosynthesis, and other soluble food molecules, from the leaves to all other areas of the plant.

25
Q

Difference between the xylem and the phloem?

A

The xylem is one continuous tube that is thickened with cellulose whereas the phloem’s ends form sieve plates which allow small dissolved sugars to move through.

26
Q

What does the cell cycle start and end with?

A

Mitosis

27
Q

What happens in GAP PHASE 1?

A

Cell grows and new cell structures and proteins are made

28
Q

What happens in the S phase (synthesis)?

A

Cell replicates its DNA, so that when it splits during mitosis the two new cells will contain identical DNA

29
Q

What happens in GAP PHASE 2?

A

Cell keeps growing and proteins needed for cell division are made

30
Q

What is the first stage of mitosis?

A

The cell has two copies of its DNA all spread out in long strings

31
Q

What is the second stage of mitosis?

A

The DNA forms X-shaped chromosomes. Each ‘arm’ of a chromosome is an exact copy of the other

32
Q

What is the third stage of mitosis?

A

The chromosomes line up in the center of the cell and the cell fibers pull them apart. The two arms of each chromosome go to opposite ends of the cell.

33
Q

What is the fourth stage of mitosis?

A

Membranes form around each set of chromosomes. These become the nuclei of the new cells

34
Q

What is the fifth stage of mitosis?

A

The cytoplasm divides

35
Q

What is differentiation?

A

It is the process in which a cell changes to become specialised for its job

36
Q

How are sperm cells specialised?

A

Sperm have long tails and streamlined heads to help them swim. They also contain mitochondria to provide them with energy and contain enzymes to digest through the eggs cell membrane.

37
Q

Are stem cells differentiated or undifferentiated?

A

Undifferentiated

38
Q

Where are embryonic stem cells found?

A

Early human embryos

39
Q

What are stem cells important for?

A

The growth and development of organisms

40
Q

Where are adult stem cells found?

A

Bone marrows

41
Q

What are adult stem cells used for?

A

To replace damaged cells

42
Q

What is water potential?

A

It is the likelihood of water molecules to diffuse out of or into a solution

43
Q

What does turgid mean?

A

It is puffed up/ inflated

44
Q

What does flaccid mean?

A

Drooping or inelastic through lack of water

Biology Obied (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions