B3-B6

Question 1

Describe the process of assimilation.

Answer 1

Digested chemicals are restructured for cells use.

Question 2

How does the lock and key mechanism work?

Answer 2

Specific substrate fits into an active site.

Question 3

Describe the process of photosynthesis.

Answer 3

The process the plants use to make carbohydrates (glucose) from raw materials.

Question 4

Define absorption.

Answer 4

Food chemicals taken into cells.

Question 5

Identify the aspects of Vitamin C intake.

Answer 5

• set source –> citrus;
• set benefit –> lining tissue;
• set deficiency –> scurvy;

Question 6

Name 2 types of digestion.

Answer 6

• Mechanical
• Chemical

Question 7

Name a function of the large intestine.

Answer 7

Absorbing the water.

Question 8

Name the 3 enzymes released by the pancreas.

Answer 8

• protease
• amylase
• lipase

Question 9

What pH level does our stomach have? And how does the acid help?

Answer 9

Our stomach has a pH of 2. The acid helps the enzyme pepsin break down protein into amino acids.

Question 10

What’s the name of an unbalanced diet?

Answer 10

Malnutrition.

Question 11

What do teeth do?

Answer 11

Teeth break down food to increase surface area;
- easier to swallow;
- more S.A –> higher enzyme activity.

Question 12

Name the breakdown products of carbs, proteins and fats.

Answer 12

• carbs –> simple sugars (e.g glucose);
• protein –> amino acids;
• lipids –> fatty acids + glycerol.

Question 13

What enzyme does the small intestine release?

Answer 13

Carbohydrases.

Question 14

Describe the effect of heat on enzymes.

Answer 14

The rate of the reaction will increase along with the temperature, however after a specific temperature it will go down again, since the active site will change its shape.

Question 15

Write the word equation for photosynthesis.

Answer 15

carbon dioxide + water –{light & chlorophyll}–> glucose + oxygen.

Question 16

Identify the aspects of Calcium intake.

Answer 16

• set source –> milk;
• set benefit –> bones;
• set deficiency –> rickets;

Question 17

Name 2 diseases caused by malnutrition.

Answer 17

• kwashiorkor - not enough protein;
• marasmus - not enough energy (Kj);

Question 18

What is ingestion?

Answer 18

Taking in of the food.

Question 19

Write up components of a leaf {in order} and their function.

Answer 19

• cuticle - waxy and transparent, lets the light pass through;
• upper epidermis cells - protection;
• palisade mesophyll cells - main part of photosynthesis;
• spongy mesophyll cells - allows carbon dioxide diffusion to happen;
• guard cells - open and close the stomata;
• stomata - allows carbon dioxide and gases to enter the leaf.

Question 20

Define peristalsis.

Answer 20

Definite muscle contraction moving the food through the oesophagus into the stomach.

Question 21

Write a balanced equation for photosynthesis.

Answer 21

6CO2+6H2O→C6H12O6+6O2.

Question 22

Define digestion.

Answer 22

Digestion is the breakdown of large insoluble molecules (e.g starch).

Question 23

Identify the aspects of Vitamin D intake.

Answer 23

• set source –> sun;
• set benefit –> bones + teeth;
• set deficiency –> rickets.

Question 24

Identify the aspects of Iron intake.

Answer 24

• set source –> meat;
• set benefit –> red blood cells;
• set deficiency –> anaemia.

Question 25

Which 2 components go directly in the blood? And which 2 go into the lacteals?

Answer 25

Into blood;
- amino acids
- glucose
Into the lacteals:
- fatty acids
- glycerol

Question 26

How long does the food stay in our stomach?

Answer 26

Typically 3-4 hours average.

Question 27

Define and distinguish excretion and egestion.

Answer 27

Egestion is waste being removed from the body (poop); Excretion is waste being removed from cells.

Question 28

Identify the compound produced by our liver and name one function.

Answer 28

Liver produces bile, which is stored in the gall bladder + released into the stomach via bile duct.
Bile emulsifies fat as well.

Question 29

What happens with the food in our mouth? And what role does saliva play in the process?

Answer 29

We ingest food in our mouth, and it’s then mixed with saliva.
- saliva helps the food pass through the oesophagus;
- saliva contains amylase.

Question 30

What does amylase do?

Answer 30

Amylase breaks down starch into maltose.

Question 31

Define a balanced diet.

Answer 31

Contains all the proteins, carbohydrates, fats, fibre, minerals and vitamins we need in right amounts.