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Biology > B4 Ecosystems > Flashcards

B4 Ecosystems Flashcards

1
Q

1 what is a species

detritivore?
omnivore?
herbivore?
carnivore?

A

a group pf organisms that can reproduce to have fertile offspring

small animal breakdown dead matter into small bits
plant and meat eats
plant eaters
meat eaters

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2
Q

1 What are the four levels of an ecosystem?
definitions?

A
  1. individual/organism
  2. population- all members of a species in an area
  3. community- all the members of different species in an area
  4. ecosystem- all the living and non-living things in an area
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3
Q

1 what is a biotic factor

A

the living things
plants
animals
fungi
bacteria
EVEN IF ITS DEAD, THEY ARE STILL BIOTIC

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4
Q

1 what is an abiotic factor

A

non living things
sunlight
water
soil
temperature
atmospheric gas

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5
Q

1 what is a physiographic factor
aspect?
slope?
altitude?

A

aspect - the direction in which an area faces
slope - how steep of gentle the gradient is
altitude - the height above sea level

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6
Q

1 what is the feeding relationship for
a producer?
consumers?
decomposers?

A
  1. makes its own energy by photosynthesis
  2. can only gain energy from feeding
    herbivore- only plants
    omnivore - plants and meats
    carnivore- only meats
  3. feed on dead matter
    bacteria
    fungi
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7
Q

1 label the food chain
grass -> rabbit -> ferret -> hawk

A

grass = producer
rabbit = primary consumer
ferret = secondary consumer
hawk = tertiary consumer

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8
Q

1 what do the arrows mean

what is biomass

A

energy transfer or biomass transfer

biological matter that can be consumed

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9
Q

2 when does competition occur

A

for limited resources
the organism which is better adapted will win the competition
the loser will either die or move to another habitat

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10
Q

2 what do animals compete for

what do plants compete for

A

food/water
territory/space
a mate

water/minerals in soil
sunlight
space
carbon dioxide

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11
Q

2 what is a habitat

what is interdependence

A

where an organism lives

interactions of organisms in an ecosystem for survival

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12
Q

2 how do predator - prey relationships change

A

as prey increases, predator increase because there is more food available to them
as prey decreases, predator decrease as they die of starvation or have to move elsewhere

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13
Q

2 what is interspecific competition

intraspecific competition?

A

inter - occurs between different species

intra - occurs within the same species

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14
Q

2 what is a predation relationship

what is a predator

A

occurs between predator and prey
predator kills and eats the prey
predator population directly affected by the size of prey population

an animal that kills east and hunts prey

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15
Q

2 what is a mutualism relationship

what is a parasitic relationship?

A

occurs when both members benefit from the relationship
AKA symbiotic relationship

one organism benefits while the other is harmed.
parasite gains from their host organism
host organisms suffer

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16
Q

3 what is carbon

what is photosynthesis

A

the main constituent of all living cells
carbon can form fats, carbohydrates, nuclei acids, proteins
components of fuel

removes CO2 from the air
carbon dioxide + water -> oxygen + glucose

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17
Q

3 what is respiration

what is combustion

A

release O2 into the air
oxygen + glucose -> carbon dioxide + water

release CO2 into the air
burning fossil fuels

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18
Q

3 what is decomposition

what is fossilisation

A

bacteria and fungi break down dead organic matter and release carbon into the ground
bacteria and fungi also respond

produces fossil fuels over millions of years and under pressure
coal, oil, and natural gases

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19
Q

3 what are the 7 components of the carbon cycle?

A

A photosynthesis
B respiration
C consumption + digestion
D decomposition + death
E fossilisation
F defecation + waste release
G combustion

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20
Q

3 how is photosynthesis involved? (A)

how is respiration involved? (B)

A

A from the sky to the grass

B from grass to sky
from animals to sky
from fungi/bacteria to sky

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21
Q

3 how is consumption + digestion involved (C)

how is decomposition + death involved (D)

A

C from grass to animal

D from animals to fungi/bacteria
from grass to fungi/bacteria

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22
Q

3 how is fossilisation involved (E)

how is defecation + waste release involved (F)

how is combustion involved (G)

A

E from grass to factories (as fuel)

F from animal poo to fungi/bacteria

G from factories (as fuel) to the sky

23
Q

3 what is positive human activities influencing the carbon cycle?

what is negative human activities influencing the carbon cycle?

A

planting trees
recycling

deforestation
burning fossil fuels
over population

24
Q

3 how do phytoplankton measure change

why do we study them

how does temperature effect them?

A

show rising ocean temperatures, their numbers decreasing

give the whole earth information on climate change

high temperatures decrease their levels

25
Q

4 what is precipitation?

evaporation

A

water vapour coming down to the earths surface in the form of: rain, snow, hail, fog

the transformation of water from liquid to gas

26
Q

4 what is transpiration

evapotranspiration?

A

the release of water vapour from plants and soil into the air through the stomata

the sum of the evaporation and transpiration from the earths land to atmosphere

27
Q

4 what is advection

condensation

A

the movement of water in any state through the atmosphere

the transformation of water vapour into the liquid water droplets in the air, creating: clouds and fog

28
Q

4 what is percolation

what is sublimation

A

water flowing horizontally through solid and rocks under the influence of gravity

the change from solid water to water vapour: ice to water vapour

29
Q

4 what is deposition

what is infiltration

what is run-off

A

the change from water vapour to solid water: water to snow

the flow of water from the ground surface into the ground

water moves across the land (surface run off)

30
Q

4 what is canopy interception

what is snowmelt

A

precipitation that is intercepted by plant foliage, eventually evaporating back into the universe

the water produced by melting snow

31
Q

4 what 3 things influence the rate of evaporation from the ocean surface

A

sea surface temperature
ocean temperature
air temperature

32
Q

4 what does the availability of water effect?

A

type and abundance of vegetation

33
Q

4 what is the water cycle?

A

the continuous movement of water on earth, above and below the surface of the earth

34
Q

4 human activities that alter the water cycle?

A

agriculture
industry
dam construction
deforestation
urbanisation

35
Q

4 what is the water cycle steps

A

deposition
snowfall
snowmelt/surface runoff/infiltration
percolation
evaporation/transpiration
condensation
precipitation
evaporation
deposition

36
Q

5 why do we have the nitrogen cycle?

A

nitrogen is the most abundant gas at 78%
its a key component of amino acids, essential blocks of building a protein

37
Q

5 what are the 10 key components of the nitrogen cycle?

A

the haber process
fixing bacteria
active transport
consumption
excretion and egestion
death and decay
decomposition
nitrifying bacteria
denitrifying bacteria
denitrification

38
Q

5 What is the Haber process (A)

A

when lightening fixes nitrogen compounds

39
Q

5 what is fixing bacteria doing (B)

A

the roots of legumes that fix nitrogen into nitrates for the plant

40
Q

5 what is active transport (C)

A

takes in nitrates for the plan through the roots

41
Q

5 what is consumption (D)

A

plant protein contains nitrogen

42
Q

5 what is excretion and egestion doing (E)

A

waste contains ammonia (NH4)

43
Q

5 what is death and decay (F)

A

death and decay

44
Q

5 what is decomposition (G)

A

bacteria and fungi turn ammonia into nitrate compounds

45
Q

5 what is nitrifying bacteria (H)

A

converts ammonia into nitrates through nitrification

46
Q

5 what is denitrifying bacteria (I)

A

releases nitrogen back into the atmosphere from nitrates
denitrification

47
Q

5 whatare the 3 types of bacteria involved

A

nitrogen fixing
nitrifying bacteria
denitrifying bacteria

48
Q

5 what is nitrogen fixing bacteria

A

within legumes roots, converts nitrogen into nitrates
a mutualistic relationship

49
Q

5 what is nitrifying bacteria

what is denitrifying bacteria

A

turns ammonia soil into nitrates

turns nitrates into nitrogen and release them back to the air

50
Q

5 how does nitrogen in the air get to nitrogen in the soil

how does nitrogen in the soil get into the air

A

the haber process - lightning
nitrogen fixation - bacteria

denitrification

51
Q

5 how does nitrogen in animals get into the soil

how does nitrogen in plants get into the soil

A

decomposition
excretion and egestion

decomposition

52
Q

5 how does nitrogen in the soil get into plants

how does nitrogen in plants get into animals

A

active transport

consumption

53
Q

5 what are decomposers

A

bacteria and fungi break down dead matter into ammonia

Biology (8 decks)

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