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Question 1

What is a communicable disease?

Answer 1

a disease that can be transmitted from one organism to another

Question 2

What is a pathogen?

Answer 2

a microorganism that causes disease

Question 3

Name four types of pathogen

Answer 3

bacteria, fungi, protists, viruses

Question 4

How can pathogens spread?

Answer 4

air, water, direct contact

Question 5

How do bacteria make you ill?

Answer 5

produce toxins that damage tissues

Question 6

How do viruses make you ill?

Answer 6

reproduce rapidly inside cells, damaging or destroying them

Question 7

Name three examples of viral diseases.

Answer 7

measles, HIV, tobacco mosaic virus

Question 8

Name two examples of bacterial diseases.

Answer 8

salmonella, gonorrhoea

Question 9

Name four methods of controlling the spread of communicable disease.

Answer 9

good hygiene, isolating infected individuals, controlling vectors, vaccination

Question 10

Describe an example of a protist disease.

Answer 10

malaria – caused by a protist pathogen that is spread
from person to person by mosquito bites, and causes
recurrent fevers

Question 11

Describe an example of a fungal disease in plants.

Answer 11

rose black spot – spread by water and wind, and
affects plant growth by reducing a plant’s ability to
photosynthesise

Question 12

How can the cause of a plant disease be identified?

Answer 12

gardening manuals and websites, laboratory testing, monoclonal antibody kits

Question 13

What are three mechanical defences that protect plants?

Answer 13

thorns and hairs, leaves that droop or curl, mimicry to trick animals

Question 14

Give three physical defences of plants.

Answer 14

cellulose cell walls, tough waxy cuticles, bark on trees

Question 15

How can aphids be controlled by gardeners?

Answer 15

introduce ladybirds to eat the aphids

Question 16

How can plant diseases be detected?

Answer 16

areas of decay, discolouration, growths, malformed stems or leaves, presence of pests, spots on leaves, and stunted growth