B5 Natural Selection

Question 1

1 what is a species

Answer 1

a group of organisms that can interbreed to produce fertile offspring

Question 2

1 whats classification

Answer 2

the process of sorting organisms into groups
organisms within a group share similar features
scientists classify organisms to identify species, to predict characteristics, to show evolutionary links

Question 3

1 what is the 7 steps of classifying life

King Phillip Came Over For Good Sausage

Answer 3

Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

Question 4

1 whats a kingdom

Answer 4

animal, plant, fungi, bacteria

Question 5

1 whats a phylum

Answer 5

vertebrae

Question 6

1 whats a class

Answer 6

mammal

Question 7

1 whats an order

Answer 7

based on structure

Question 8

1 whats a family

Answer 8

hominidae

Question 9

1 whats a genus

Answer 9

homo - 1st name
forms part of the scientific names of an organism, uses evolutionary links to classify organisms

Question 10

1 whats a species

Answer 10

sapien - 2nd name
the smallest unit of classification
each group has only one type of organism

Question 11

1 whats the scientific name for an organism

Answer 11

universal system created by Carl Linnaeus
first part is the genus- shared by close neighbours
second part is the species- no two species have the same name

Question 12

1 whats similar about lions and tigers

Answer 12

lion - panthero leo
tiger - panthero tigris

they share the same genus

Question 13

1 what is artificial classification

Answer 13

groups organisms together based on observable characteristics
doesn’t account for genetic and environmental differences within species

Question 14

1 whats natural classficiation

Answer 14

species may look different but be closely related
using DNA you can find evolutionary links
an elephant, hyrax, sea cow are all closely related through DNA

Question 15

1 whats phylogeny

Answer 15

the study of evolutionary links between species
phylogenetic links are established by studying similarities and differences in DNA between species
shwoing common ancestors

Question 16

1 whats speciation events

Answer 16

show the development of new species where the evolutionary tree branches off

Question 17

2 who was Charles Darwin

Answer 17

came up with the theory of evolution
described how organisms evolved over generations through inheritance of advantageous variation

Question 18

2 what evidence is there for evolution

Answer 18

fossil record
shows evolution
extinction of species
evolutionary links
how long life on earth has existed

Question 19

2 what are fossils

Answer 19

formed when an animal or plant remains are preserved in rock
the most recent rock layer is on the outside
fossil layers form sequences showing how organisms have changed over time
known as fossil record

Question 20

2 why are fossils important

Answer 20

provide evidence for evolution
simplest organisms are found in the oldest rock
vertebrates and more recent fossils are found in recent rock forms
support theory that simple life turned into complex
plant fossils appear before animals

Question 21

2 how can a complete fossil record show evolution

Answer 21

modern day horse evolved from a dog sized animal living in the rainforest 60 mil years ago

Question 22

2 what is the problem with fossil records

Answer 22

they are mostly incomplete
a lot of organisms decompose quickly before they can fossilize
or destroyed by volcanic eruptions
some are still to be found though

Question 23

2 other evidence for evolution?

Answer 23

rapid change in species
extinction

Question 24

2 what is a rapid change in species

Answer 24

bacteria replicate rapidly, scientists study evolution
observe advantageous characteristics of an antibiotic say
fish evolution too

Question 25

2 what is extinction for evolution

Answer 25

species can’t adapt to environmental changes, so they die out completely
estimate 99% of all species ever lived are now extinct

Question 26

2 what is molecular comparison

Answer 26

scientists compare DNA and proteins of different species
order of amino acids or nucleic acid bases
closely related species have the most similar DNA and proteins, so scientists can see where there has been evolution

Question 27

3 what is evolution

Answer 27

the gradual change in a species over time
life began as unicellular aquatic organisms and is now evolved into multicellular into a variety of lad air and aquatic organisms

Question 28

3 how do organisms evolve

Answer 28

natural selection

Question 29

3 what is natural selection

Answer 29

normally genetic variation, further mutations occur, and variation increases
causes a range of phenotypes
organisms that are best suited to their environment will survive and reproduce
pass on the advantageous traits through their genes
survival of the fittest

Question 30

3 the problem with evolution

Answer 30

it takes such along time, normally at least 3 generations before the results are seen clearly

Question 31

3 example for evolution

Answer 31

peppered moths
pre1900s, moths were pale
camouflaged against trees
mutation dark moths were easily seen eaten by birds
pale moths more likely to survive
industrial rev cause soot on trees
darks moths better suited
now peppered moths to suit both ideals

Question 32

3 antibiotic resistant bacteria shows evolution?

Answer 32

bacteria multiplies quickly so can evolve quickly too
so the antibiotic doesn’t kill the bacterium
bacteria reproduces, passes on the antibiotic resistance
antibiotic kill non-resistant bacterium
all become antibiotic resistant