B7-B8 Flashcards
Name functions of xylem.
Transports and stores water and water soluble nutrients. {transpiration}
Name functions of phloem.
Transports sugars, proteins and other organic molecules. {translocation}
Name the 3 types of blood vessels.
Arteries, capillaries and veins.
Define transpiration.
Water evaporates from leafs and lowers the water potential in the leaf tissue.
List factors positively affecting transpiration.
- wind
- high temperature
- low humidity
- high light intensity
Define plasma.
Clear liquid; 55% of our blood; no nucleus.
Explain RBC (red blood cells).
Carry oxygen around the body; bioncave discs to max the S.A for CO2 {gas exchange}. No nucleus, but filled with (oxy)haemoglobin.
Explain WBC (white blood cells).
Fight infections; Phagocytes ‘eat’ the infection. Lymphocytes produce antibodies.
Explain platelets.
Old broken down RBC’s - help to block damaged blood vessels.
Name 3 functions of blood.
- transport – O2 / CO2, water, vitamins + minerals;
- protection – infections;
- regulatory – hormones or temperature.
List and name the functions of all components of respiratory system.
- Nasal cavity - filters the air we breath;
- Epiglottis - prevents food from entering trachea;
- Larynx - produces sounds;
- Trachea - carries air down to lungs;
- Cartilage rings - keeps the trachea and bronchi open;
- Ribs - protect lungs and heart;
- Rib muscles - move the rib cage when breathing;
- Pleural fluid - prevents friction between lungs and ribs;
- Diaphragm - separates the thorax from the abdomen;
- Alveoli - gas exchange.
Describe inhalation.
- rib muscles move ribs up+out;
- diaphragm moves down;
- Volume of thorax goes up;
- Pressure in thorax goes down;
Air drawn in.
Describe exhalation.
- rib muscles move ribs down+in;
- diaphragm moves up;
- Volume of thorax goes down;
- Pressure in thorax goes up;
Air drawn out.
Define Aerobic respiration in animals.
Glucose + Oxygen –> Carbon Dioxide + water. Releases a lot of energy.
Define Anaerobic respiration in animals.
Glucose –> Lactic acid (then broken down via O2).
